A rather peculiar sum

Calculus Level 5

k = 2 ζ ( k ) 1 k = ? \large \sum_{k = 2}^{\infty} \frac{ \zeta(k) - 1}{k} = \ ?

Compute up to 3 decimal places.


The answer is 0.422.

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1 solution

Jake Lai
Oct 27, 2015

We use that ζ ( k ) = n = 1 1 n k \displaystyle \zeta(k) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^k} and thus rearrange the series given. We start by swapping summations:

k = 2 ζ ( k ) 1 k = k = 2 n = 2 1 n k k = n = 2 k = 2 1 n k k \sum_{k=2}^{\infty} \frac{\zeta(k)-1}{k} = \sum_{k=2}^{\infty} \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \frac{\frac{1}{n^k}}{k} = \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \sum_{k=2}^{\infty} \frac{\frac{1}{n^k}}{k}

We then invoke the expansion ln ( 1 x ) = k = 1 x k k \displaystyle -\ln(1-x) = \sum_{k=1}^{\infty} \frac{x^k}{k} .

n = 2 k = 2 1 n k k = n = 2 1 n ln ( 1 1 n ) \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} \sum_{k=2}^{\infty} \frac{\frac{1}{n^k}}{k} = \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} -\frac{1}{n}-\ln(1-\frac{1}{n})

Following that, we proceed to expose the implicit limit:

n = 2 1 n ln ( 1 1 n ) = lim N n = 2 N 1 n ln ( 1 1 n ) = lim N 1 H N n = 2 N ln ( 1 1 n ) \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} -\frac{1}{n}-\ln(1-\frac{1}{n}) = \lim_{N \to \infty} \sum_{n=2}^{N} -\frac{1}{n}-\ln(1-\frac{1}{n}) = \lim_{N \to \infty} 1-H_N-\sum_{n=2}^{N} \ln(1-\frac{1}{n})

where H N = n = 1 N 1 n \displaystyle H_N = \sum_{n=1}^{N} \frac{1}{n} is the Nth harmonic number. The obtained sum, n = 2 N ln ( 1 1 n ) \displaystyle \sum_{n=2}^{N} \ln(1-\frac{1}{n}) , is a telescoping series:

n = 2 N ln ( 1 1 n ) = ln [ n = 2 N ( 1 1 n ) ] = ln ( 1 2 2 3 N 1 N ) = ln ( 1 N ) = ln N \sum_{n=2}^{N} \ln(1-\frac{1}{n}) = \ln \left[ \prod_{n=2}^{N} \left( 1-\frac{1}{n} \right) \right] = \ln(\frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{3} \ldots \frac{N-1}{N}) = \ln(\frac{1}{N}) = -\ln N

Thus, our limit is

lim N 1 H N n = 2 N ln ( 1 1 n ) = lim N 1 H N + ln N = 1 γ \lim_{N \to \infty} 1-H_N-\sum_{n=2}^{N} \ln(1-\frac{1}{n}) = \lim_{N \to \infty} 1-H_N+\ln N = 1-\gamma

where γ \gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni constant, defined by γ = lim N H N ln N = 0.5772 \displaystyle \gamma = \lim_{N \to \infty} H_N-\ln N = 0.5772\ldots . Hence,

k = 2 ζ ( k ) 1 k = 1 γ 0.423 \sum_{k=2}^{\infty} \frac{\zeta(k)-1}{k} = 1-\gamma \approx \boxed{0.423}

Why did you delete your comment below? I was reading it halfway then it was removed. Was it wrong? Or irrelevant to your solution? Or was your solution sufficient?

Pi Han Goh - 5 years, 7 months ago

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