A rhombus i

Geometry Level 4

In rhombus A B C D ABCD , A = 6 0 \angle A = 60^\circ , M M is the mid-point of A D AD and point N N on A D AD is such that D N = 2 N A DN = 2NA . The extensions of B N BN and C M CM intersect at P P and B P C = x \angle BPC = x . Find tan x \tan x .


The answer is 0.787.

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1 solution

Let the side length of rhombus A B C D ABCD be 1; then D M = 1 2 DM = \frac 12 and N A = 1 3 NA = \frac 13 . Let A B N = α \angle ABN = \alpha and D C M = β \angle DCM = \beta . Draw a line through P P parallel to A B AB and C D CD . We note that x = α + β x =\alpha + \beta . Let N Q NQ be perpendicular to A B AB and M R MR be perpendicular to C D CD , then we have:

{ tan α = N Q B Q = N A sin 6 0 1 N A cos 6 0 = 1 3 × 3 2 1 1 3 × 1 2 = 3 5 tan β = M R C R = D M sin 6 0 1 + D M cos 6 0 = 1 2 × 3 2 1 + 1 2 × 1 2 = 3 5 α = β \begin{cases} \tan \alpha = \dfrac {NQ}{BQ} = \dfrac {NA \sin 60^\circ}{1-NA\cos 60^\circ} = \dfrac {\frac 13 \times \frac {\sqrt 3}2}{1-\frac 13\times \frac 12} = \dfrac {\sqrt 3}5 \\ \tan \beta = \dfrac {MR}{CR} = \dfrac {DM \sin 60^\circ}{1+DM\cos 60^\circ} = \dfrac {\frac 12 \times \frac {\sqrt 3}2}{1+\frac 12\times \frac 12} = \dfrac {\sqrt 3}5 \end{cases} \implies \alpha = \beta

Therefore, tan x = tan ( α + β ) = tan ( 2 α ) = 2 tan α 1 tan 2 α = 2 × 3 5 1 3 25 = 5 3 11 0.787 \tan x = \tan (\alpha + \beta) = \tan (2\alpha) = \dfrac {2\tan \alpha}{1-\tan^2 \alpha} = \dfrac {2\times \frac {\sqrt 3}5}{1-\frac 3{25}} = \dfrac {5\sqrt 3}{11} \approx \boxed{0.787} .

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