a set problem...

Let A = { 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , . . . , 1000 } A = \left\{1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 1000 \right\} . Let M M be the number of 2 2 element subsets ( a , b ) (a, b) of A A such that a × b a \times b is divisible by 6 6 . Find the value of [ M 10000 ] \left[\dfrac{M}{10000}\right] (Here [ x ] [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x x .)


The answer is 20.

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1 solution

Brian Moehring
Jul 29, 2018

We can directly see

  • # { multiples of 6 in A } = 1000 6 = 166 \#\{\text{multiples of 6 in } A\} = \lfloor\frac{1000}{6}\rfloor = 166
  • # { multiples of 3 in A } = 1000 3 = 333 \#\{\text{multiples of 3 in } A\} = \lfloor\frac{1000}{3}\rfloor = 333
  • # { multiples of 2 in A } = 1000 2 = 500 \#\{\text{multiples of 2 in } A\} = \lfloor\frac{1000}{2}\rfloor = 500

Also we note that a b ab is divisible by 6 6 if and only if one of the following disjoint cases hold:

  • a a and b b are both multiples of 6 6 . Then there are ( 166 2 ) = 13695 \binom{166}{2} = 13695 sets { a , b } \{a,b\} in this case.
  • Exactly one of a a or b b is a multiple of 6 6 . Then there are 166 ( 1000 166 ) = 138444 166 \cdot (1000-166) = 138444 sets { a , b } \{a,b\} in this case.
  • Neither is a multiple of 6 6 , but one is a multiple of 2 2 and the other is a multiple of 3 3 . Then there are ( 333 166 ) ( 500 166 ) = 55778 (333-166)(500-166) = 55778 sets { a , b } \{a,b\} in this case.

Therefore there are in total M = 13695 + 138444 + 55778 = 207917 M = 13695 + 138444 + 55778 = 207917 sets { a , b } \{a,b\} such that a b ab is a multiple of 6 6 , which gives an answer of M 10000 = 20 \left\lfloor\frac{M}{10000}\right\rfloor = \boxed{20}

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