On an upcoming exam, any students who correctly answer all the questions will receive an A.
Which of the four statements to the right will always be true?
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Let Q = answers all questions, A = gets an A.
The only information that we know is Q ⟹ A
If Lewis got an A, then he got at least one question true.
If Lewis received and A, then he got all the questions right.
A ⟹ Q Not always true. (Affirming the consequent fallacy)
If Lewis got at least one of the multiple questions wrong, then he did not receive an A
¬ Q ⟹ ¬ A Not always true. (Denying the antecedent fallacy)
If Lewis did not receive an A, then he got at least one question wrong.
¬ A ⟹ ¬ Q This is always true based on the information we know. (Contraposition of the original statement)
The truth of the remaining statements can be figured out by counting which of the statements are true. ( More than one but not all the statements are always true could also be true, but it's not always true.)