The Midpoint Chord

Geometry Level 3

An equilateral triangle of side length 2 units is inscribed in a circle. Find the length of a chord of this circle which passes through the midpoints of two sides of the triangle.

Give your answer up to 3 decimal places.


The answer is 2.236.

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3 solutions

B a s e d o n t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f e q u i l a t e r a l t r i a n g l e . Based\ on\ the\ properties\ of\ equilateral\ triangle. T h e a l t i t u d e o f t h e t r i a n g l e = 2 C o s 30 = 3 , c i r c u m r a d i u s , R = 2 3 3 a n d c h o r d a l s o p a s s t h r o u g h m i d p o i n t o f t h e a l t i t u d e . d i s t a n c e o f t h e c h o r d f r o m c e n t e r , d = 2 3 3 3 2 = 1 2 3 C h o r d l e n g t h = 2 R 2 d 2 = 5 = 2.236. The\ altitude\ of\ the\ triangle =2Cos30=\sqrt3,\ \therefore\ circumradius,\ R =\frac 2 3 *\sqrt3 \\ and \ chord\ also \ pass\ through\ midpoint\ of\ the\ altitude.\\ \implies\ distance\ of\ the\ chord\ from\ center,\ d =\frac 2 3 *\sqrt3 - \dfrac{\sqrt3} 2=\dfrac 1 {2*\sqrt3}\\ Chord\ length =2*\sqrt{R^2- d^2}=\sqrt 5=2.236.

Moderator note:

Great way to calculate the length of a chord by finding the perpendicular distance to the center.

Ahmad Saad
Mar 28, 2016

Sam Bealing
Mar 28, 2016

Let L , M L,M be the midpoints of the sides of the triangle. Let X , Y X,Y be the intersection of the chord with the circle so the order of points on the chord is X L M Y XLMY .

Clearly L M = 1 LM=1 because the smaller triangle is similar to equilateral triangle by S A S SAS and 2 2 = 1 \frac{2}{2}=1

Let X L = x XL=x . By symettry, M Y = x MY=x . By intersecting chords at M M , X M × M Y = 1 × 1 XM \times MY=1 \times 1 . As M M is a midpoint of the triangle.

X M × M Y = 1 ( x + 1 ) ( x ) = 1 x 2 + x 1 = 0 x = 1 + 5 2 XM \times MY=1 \Rightarrow (x+1)(x)=1 \Rightarrow x^2+x-1=0 \Rightarrow x=\frac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2} as x > 0 x>0 .

So X Y = 2 × 1 + 5 2 + 1 = 1 + 5 + 1 = 5 XY=2 \times \frac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}+1=-1+\sqrt{5}+1=\sqrt{5}

So the answer is 5 = 2.236 \sqrt{5}=2.236

Moderator note:

Nice usage of power of a point to figure out the length of this segment.

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