A simple one

a 3 + b 3 2 = 4 3 a b \large \frac{a^{3}+b^{3}}{2}=4-3ab

If a a and b b are positive integers that satisfy the equation above, find the value of a b a-b .


The answer is 0.

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4 solutions

Go through the factorisation below, a 3 + b 3 2 = 4 3 a b \frac{a^{3}+b^{3}}{2}=4-3ab a 3 + b 3 = 8 6 a b a^{3}+b^{3}=8-6ab a 3 + b 3 + ( 2 ) 3 = 3 a b ( 2 ) a^{3}+b^{3}+(-2)^{3}=3ab(-2) a 3 + b 3 + ( 2 ) 3 3 a b ( 2 ) = 0 a^{3}+b^{3}+(-2)^{3}-3ab(-2)=0 ( a + b 2 ) 1 2 [ ( a b ) 2 + ( b + 2 ) 2 + ( 2 a ) 2 ] = 0 (a+b-2)\cdot \frac{1}{2}[(a-b)^{2}+(b+2)^{2}+(2-a)^{2} ] =0 We get that else a + b 2 = 0 a+b-2=0 or ( a b ) 2 + ( b + 2 ) 2 + ( 2 a ) 2 = 0 (a-b)^{2}+(b+2)^{2}+(2-a)^{2} =0

a , b Z + \because a,b\in \mathbb{Z^{+}} only solutions we can obtain are,

a + b = 2 ( a , b ) = ( 1 , 1 ) a+b=2 \Rightarrow (a,b)=(1,1)

( a b ) 2 + ( b + 2 ) 2 + ( 2 a ) 2 = 0 (a-b)^{2}+(b+2)^{2}+(2-a)^{2}=0\Rightarrow No solutions for a , b a,b .

It yields that there is only one unique value for the answer.

\therefore 0 suites for a b a-b .

How about (2,0)

Jaka Ong - 6 years ago

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0 is not a 'positive integer' !

Aditya R Mohan - 5 years, 12 months ago

It's given that a , b Z + a,b \in \mathbb{Z^{+}}

A Former Brilliant Member - 5 years, 12 months ago

Could you explain how you got from the fourth line to the fifth?

Tasha Kim - 5 years, 11 months ago

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For reals x , y , z x,y,z , we have a well-known identity:

x 3 + y 3 + z 3 3 x y z = ( x + y + z ) ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 x y y z z x ) x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx)

You can easily prove it using Newton's Identities or other factoring methods.

Next, note that,

x 2 + y 2 + z 2 x y y z z x = 1 2 ( 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 2 z 2 2 x y 2 y z 2 z x ) = 1 2 ( ( x 2 2 x y + y 2 ) + ( y 2 2 y z + z 2 ) + ( z 2 2 z x + x 2 ) ) = 1 2 ( ( x y ) 2 + ( y z ) 2 + ( z x ) 2 ) \begin{aligned}~&x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\\&=\frac{1}{2}(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx)\\&=\frac{1}{2}\left((x^2-2xy+y^2)+(y^2-2yz+z^2)+(z^2-2zx+x^2)\right)\\&=\frac 12\left((x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2\right)\end{aligned}

If you combine this result with the identity stated at the very beginning and substitute x = a , y = b , z = ( 2 ) x=a~,~y=b~,~z=(-2) , you'll get exactly what Thamidu got in his solution.

Prasun Biswas - 5 years, 11 months ago
Tasha Kim
Jun 24, 2015

Chew-Seong Cheong
Jun 14, 2015

I am using the definition that 0 0 is not a whole number ( more... ).

a 3 + b 3 2 = 4 3 a b a 3 + b 3 = 8 6 a b \dfrac{a^3+b^3}{2} = 4 - 3ab \quad \Rightarrow a^3+b^3 = 8 - 6ab .

Since a , b > 0 a 3 + b 3 = 8 6 a b < 8 a , b < 2 a = b = 1 a b = 0 a,b > 0\quad \Rightarrow a^3+b^3 = 8 - 6ab < 8\quad \Rightarrow a, b < 2 \quad \Rightarrow a=b=1 \\ \Rightarrow a - b = \boxed{0}

I'm sure it doesn't make much of a difference, but I think you typed 8-6ab wrong.

Tasha Kim - 5 years, 11 months ago

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Thanks, I have changed it.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 5 years, 11 months ago

This is a very easy question . Since it is Given that a and b are positive integers this implies RHS of the equation must be greater than 0 . Thus it implies ab < (4/3) . i.e. a and b must be less than 2 . Thus they both are = 1 . Hence solution . Easiest question i Faced :)

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