The above equality holds for and where . Find the value of .
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We have -
I = ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 ψ ln i ( ψ i ) d ψ = ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 ψ − 1 e ln ( ln i ( ψ i ) ) d ψ = ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 ψ − 1 e i ⋅ ln ( i ⋅ ln ψ ) d ψ = ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 ψ − 1 e i ⋅ ( ln ( ln ψ ) + 2 i π ) d ψ
= e 2 − π ( ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 ψ − 1 cos ( ln ( ln ψ ) ) d ψ + i ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 ψ − 1 sin ( ln ( ln ψ ) ) d ψ )
By Euler's formula. Note that we can write ln ( i ⋅ ln ( ψ ) ) in its polar form to take the natural log . Substituting β = ln ( ψ ) gives us ψ d β = d ψ . So, our original integral after integrating by parts twice (on both integrals) simplifies to -
= e 2 − π ( ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 cos ( ln β ) d β + i ∫ 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 sin ( ln β ) d β ) = e 2 − π ⎝ ⎛ β ( 2 cos ( ln β ) + sin ( ln β ) ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ln ( 2 0 0 6 ) ln ( 2 0 2 0 ) + i β ( 2 sin ( ln β ) − cos ( ln β ) ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ln ( 2 0 0 6 ) ln ( 2 0 2 0 ) ⎠ ⎞ Evaluating both the functions at the given bounds and multiplying by e 2 − π gives us -
I ≈ 0 . 0 0 0 6 4 + 0 . 0 0 1 3 i
Note -
Let r be the length of the complex vector drawn from the origin to the complex number and θ be the angle it makes with the real axis. Then, ln ( a + b i ) = ln ( r cos θ + i r sin θ ) = ln ( r ( cos θ + i sin θ ) ) = ln ( r ⋅ e i θ ) = ln ( r ) + i θ . In our case, r = ln ( ψ ) and since real part is equal to zero, θ = 2 π .