Let be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Suppose that for the number is a three-digit positive integer, can the polynomial have integer roots?
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Let P ( n ) = a k n k + a k − 1 n k − 1 + ⋯ + a 1 n + a 0 . Consider P evaluated at two distinct integer values, n and r : P ( n ) − P ( r ) = a k ( n k − r k ) + a k − 1 ( n k − 1 − r k − 1 ) + ⋯ a 1 ( n − r )
Note that every term on the right-hand side is divisible by n − r ; so n − r P ( n ) − P ( r ) is an integer.
Now assume that r is an integer root of P , ie P ( r ) = 0 , and let n = 1 . Then 1 − r ∣ P ( 1 ) Similarly, 2 0 1 8 − r ∣ P ( 2 0 1 8 )
But both P ( 1 ) and P ( 2 0 1 8 ) are three-digit integers, and at least one of 1 − r and 2 0 1 8 − r must be outside the range [ − 9 9 9 , 9 9 9 ] ; contradiction.
So P ( n ) has no integer roots.