An ellipse with a semi-major axis of units and a semi-minor axis of units, is positioned and oriented such that it is tangent to two rays. The first ray is the positive half of the -axis, while the second ray is half of the line , with . This is shown in the figure below. The tangency point with the -axis is given as . Determine this ellipse, then find the area bounded by the two rays and the ellipse (shaded in light blue). If this area is , then enter .
Note: To determine the ellipse you may need to use the iterative multivariate Newton-Raphson root finding method.
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Very well known equation of ellipse with semi-major and semi-minor axis equal to 5 and 3, respectively, is: 2 5 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 1 This is the equation of ellipse in coordinate system where x and y axis coincide with semi-major and semi-minor axis, respectively, and where center of ellipse coincide with origin of coordinate system. However, when we rotate coordinate axis for some angle θ and translate the origin to some point ( p , q ) , the equation of ellipse changes according to these transformations and becomes:
( x − p ) 2 ( 2 5 cos 2 θ + 9 sin 2 θ ) + ( y − q ) 2 ( 9 cos 2 θ + 2 5 sin 2 θ ) + 2 2 5 1 6 ( x − p ) ( y − q ) sin 2 θ = 1
Differentiating above equation we get equation involving the slope at some point ( x , y ) on ellipse:
d x d [ ( x − p ) 2 ( 2 5 cos 2 θ + 9 sin 2 θ ) + ( y − q ) 2 ( 9 cos 2 θ + 2 5 sin 2 θ ) − 2 2 5 1 6 ( x − p ) ( y − q ) sin 2 θ ] 2 ( x − p ) ( 2 5 cos 2 θ + 9 sin 2 θ ) + 2 ( y − q ) d x d y ( 9 cos 2 θ + 2 5 sin 2 θ ) − 2 2 5 1 6 ( y − q + ( x − p ) d x d y ) sin 2 θ = d x d 1 = 0
We know coordinates of one point - ( 2 , 0 ) - and we know that the slope is 0 at that point. On the other hand, we know that the other point lies on line y = − x which is tangent to ellipse, which provide us with information that the point is of the form ( x , − x ) and that slope is -1 at that point. Thus, we constitute four equations in for unknowns ( p , q , θ , x ):
( 2 − p ) 2 ( 2 5 cos 2 θ + 9 sin 2 θ ) + q 2 ( 9 cos 2 θ + 2 5 sin 2 θ ) − 2 2 5 1 6 ( 2 − p ) q sin 2 θ 2 ( 2 − p ) ( 2 5 cos 2 θ + 9 sin 2 θ ) + 2 2 5 1 6 q sin 2 θ ( x − p ) 2 ( 2 5 cos 2 θ + 9 sin 2 θ ) + ( x + q ) 2 ( 9 cos 2 θ + 2 5 sin 2 θ ) + 2 2 5 1 6 ( x − p ) ( x + q ) sin 2 θ 2 ( x − p ) ( 2 5 cos 2 θ + 9 sin 2 θ ) + 2 ( x + q ) ( 9 cos 2 θ + 2 5 sin 2 θ ) − 2 2 5 1 6 ( p − q − 2 x ) sin 2 θ = 1 = 0 = 1 = 0
I've used Matlab's fsolve function with initial guess ( p , q , θ , x ) = ( 0 , 4 . 5 , − π / 4 , − 2 ) to solve this non-linear system. Solutions I got were: ( p , q , θ , x ) = ( 0 . 0 8 0 2 7 3 , 4 . 1 6 3 5 9 2 , − 0 . 8 0 6 3 7 3 , − 2 . 0 1 3 1 7 5 ) .
Area is then found to be A = 0 . 7 2 4 9 6 5 6 6 7 5 1 2 3 0 1 and ⌊ 1 0 0 0 A ⌋ = 7 2 4 . Proposed correct answer is actually 725 and this slight difference is, I assume, due to accuracy of numerical methods employed.