A tangential trapezoid A B C D has legs A D = 1 2 5 and B C = 1 6 9 and its longest base A B is divided by the tangent point W of its incircle at a ratio of B W A W = 9 5 .
Find the area trapezoid A B C D .
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Nice solution!
This is all thanks to the information in the link from the problem.
Say the point of tangency between the circle and the side D C , then A W ⋅ D Y = B W ⋅ C Y , so we can write D Y = 9 l and C Y = 5 l for some l .
Since the pairs of tangent lengths from each vertex are equal (again, see the link for definitions), we have
5 k + 9 l = 1 2 5
and
9 k + 5 l = 1 6 9
Solving these, we find k = 1 6 and l = 5 , so the tangent lengths are ( e , f , g , h ) = ( 8 0 , 1 4 4 , 2 5 , 4 5 ) . The area of a tangential quadrilateral is given by
( e + f + g + h ) ( f g h + e f h + e g h + e f g ) = 1 7 6 4 0
This is a great solution, and much cleaner than how I solved it! Thanks for posting.
Let the tangent point on B C be X , the tangent point on C D be Y , and the tangent point on A D be Z . Let e = A W , f = B W , g = C Y , and h = D Y . Since tangent segments to a circle from the same external point are congruent, A Z = A W = e , B X = B W = f , C X = C Y = g , and D Z = D Y = h . Also drop perpendiculars from D to A B at U and from C to A B at V . Let the radius of the incircle be r , so the height of the trapezoid is W Y = C V = D U = 2 r .
Using Pythagorean's Theorem on △ B C V , ( 2 r ) 2 + ( f − g ) 2 = ( f + g ) 2 , which simplifies to f g = r 2 . Likewise, using Pythagorean's Theorem on △ A D U , ( 2 r ) 2 + ( e − h ) 2 = ( e + h ) 2 , which simplifies to e h = r 2 .
Since the legs are A D = 1 2 5 and B C = 1 6 9 , e + h = 1 2 5 and f + g = 1 6 9 . Since B W A W = 9 5 , f e = 9 5 .
The five equations with five variables ( f g = r 2 , e h = r 2 , e + h = 1 2 5 , f + g = 1 6 9 , and f e = 9 5 ) solve to e = 8 0 , f = 1 4 4 , g = 2 5 , h = 4 5 , and r = 6 0 .
Therefore, the bases of the trapezoid are b 1 = e + f = 8 0 + 1 4 4 = 2 2 4 , b 2 = g + h = 2 5 + 4 5 = 7 0 , the height is h = 2 r = 2 ⋅ 6 0 = 1 2 0 , and the area of the trapezoid is A = 2 1 ( b 1 + b 2 ) h = 2 1 ( 2 2 4 + 7 0 ) 1 2 0 = 1 7 6 4 0 .
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