A Tangential Trapezoid

Geometry Level 5

A tangential trapezoid A B C D ABCD has legs A D = 125 AD = 125 and B C = 169 BC = 169 and its longest base A B AB is divided by the tangent point W W of its incircle at a ratio of A W B W = 5 9 \dfrac{AW}{BW} = \dfrac{5}{9} .

Find the area trapezoid A B C D ABCD .


The answer is 17640.

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3 solutions

Nice solution!

David Vreken - 1 year, 11 months ago
Chris Lewis
Jun 26, 2019

This is all thanks to the information in the link from the problem.

Say the point of tangency between the circle and the side D C DC , then A W D Y = B W C Y AW\cdot DY = BW\cdot CY , so we can write D Y = 9 l DY=9l and C Y = 5 l CY=5l for some l l .

Since the pairs of tangent lengths from each vertex are equal (again, see the link for definitions), we have

5 k + 9 l = 125 5k+9l=125

and

9 k + 5 l = 169 9k+5l=169

Solving these, we find k = 16 k=16 and l = 5 l=5 , so the tangent lengths are ( e , f , g , h ) = ( 80 , 144 , 25 , 45 ) (e,f,g,h)=(80,144,25,45) . The area of a tangential quadrilateral is given by

( e + f + g + h ) ( f g h + e f h + e g h + e f g ) = 17640 \sqrt{(e+f+g+h)(fgh+efh+egh+efg)}=\boxed{17640}

This is a great solution, and much cleaner than how I solved it! Thanks for posting.

David Vreken - 1 year, 11 months ago
David Vreken
Jun 26, 2019

Let the tangent point on B C BC be X X , the tangent point on C D CD be Y Y , and the tangent point on A D AD be Z Z . Let e = A W e = AW , f = B W f = BW , g = C Y g = CY , and h = D Y h = DY . Since tangent segments to a circle from the same external point are congruent, A Z = A W = e AZ = AW = e , B X = B W = f BX = BW = f , C X = C Y = g CX = CY = g , and D Z = D Y = h DZ = DY = h . Also drop perpendiculars from D D to A B AB at U U and from C C to A B AB at V V . Let the radius of the incircle be r r , so the height of the trapezoid is W Y = C V = D U = 2 r WY = CV = DU = 2r .

Using Pythagorean's Theorem on B C V \triangle BCV , ( 2 r ) 2 + ( f g ) 2 = ( f + g ) 2 (2r)^2 + (f - g)^2 = (f + g)^2 , which simplifies to f g = r 2 fg = r^2 . Likewise, using Pythagorean's Theorem on A D U \triangle ADU , ( 2 r ) 2 + ( e h ) 2 = ( e + h ) 2 (2r)^2 + (e - h)^2 = (e + h)^2 , which simplifies to e h = r 2 eh = r^2 .

Since the legs are A D = 125 AD = 125 and B C = 169 BC = 169 , e + h = 125 e + h = 125 and f + g = 169 f + g = 169 . Since A W B W = 5 9 \frac{AW}{BW} = \frac{5}{9} , e f = 5 9 \frac{e}{f} = \frac{5}{9} .

The five equations with five variables ( f g = r 2 fg = r^2 , e h = r 2 eh = r^2 , e + h = 125 e + h = 125 , f + g = 169 f + g = 169 , and e f = 5 9 \frac{e}{f} = \frac{5}{9} ) solve to e = 80 e = 80 , f = 144 f = 144 , g = 25 g = 25 , h = 45 h = 45 , and r = 60 r = 60 .

Therefore, the bases of the trapezoid are b 1 = e + f = 80 + 144 = 224 b_1 = e + f = 80 + 144 = 224 , b 2 = g + h = 25 + 45 = 70 b_2 = g + h = 25 + 45 = 70 , the height is h = 2 r = 2 60 = 120 h = 2r = 2 \cdot 60 = 120 , and the area of the trapezoid is A = 1 2 ( b 1 + b 2 ) h = 1 2 ( 224 + 70 ) 120 = 17640 A = \frac{1}{2}(b_1 + b_2)h = \frac{1}{2}(224 + 70)120 = \boxed{17640} .

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