A touching problem...

Geometry Level 3

Two circles, one with twice the diameter of the other, are touching at only one point, as shown.

What is the measure (to the nearest degree) of the angle formed by the intersection of the lines tangent to both circles?


The answer is 39.

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2 solutions

Michael Mendrin
Jul 9, 2018

The bisector of the two lines passes through the centers of the 2 circles. So,

S i n ( 1 2 θ ) = 1 3 Sin(\frac{1}{2}\theta)=\dfrac{1}{3} , or

θ = 2 A r c S i n ( 1 3 ) 39 \theta = 2ArcSin(\dfrac{1}{3}) \approx 39 degrees

(The two centers are separated by a distance of 1 + 2 = 3 1+2=3 , while the difference in height is 2 1 = 1 2-1=1 )

Tj Evert
Jul 9, 2018

As with most geometry problems, this question is much easier to answer if you a add an extra line (and in this case, more circles). We can also use the similarity of these figures to our advantage. Continuing the relation, an infinite set of circles (whose diameters are decreasing by a ratio of ½) can be similarly added to the figure, each tangent to the next at only one point. Drawing a line from the vertex of the angle through the centers of these circles, we see that the hypotenuse of the triangle that is created is the radius of the largest circle (r = 1) and the sum of the diameters of all the smaller circles, or 1 + (1 + ½ + ¼ + ⅛ + ...) = 1 + 2 = 3.

So, the sine of the angle of the "thinner" vertex is ⅓. Thus, the angle of the "thicker" vertex is equal to 2sin(⅓) ≈ 39 degrees.

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