A Warm up problem (1)

Calculus Level 3

ϕ ( x ) = 1 x 2 4 x ( 4 t 2 2 ϕ ( t ) ) d t \large \phi (x)=\frac 1{x^2} \int _4^x \left(4t^2 -2\phi ' (t) \right) dt

For ϕ ( x ) \phi (x) as defined above, find ϕ ( 4 ) \phi '(4) .


The answer is 3.55.

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1 solution

ϕ ( x ) = 1 x 2 4 x ( 4 t 2 2 ϕ ( x ) ) d t x 2 ϕ ( x ) = 4 x ( 4 t 2 2 ϕ ( x ) ) d t = [ 4 t 3 3 2 ϕ ( x ) ] 4 x = 4 x 3 4 4 3 2 ϕ ( x ) + 2 ϕ ( 4 ) . . . ( 1 ) \begin{aligned} \phi(x) & = \frac 1{x^2} \int_4^x \left(4t^2 - 2\phi'(x)\right) dt \\ x^2 \phi(x) & = \int_4^x \left(4t^2 - 2\phi'(x)\right) dt \\ & = \left[ \frac {4t^3}3 - 2\phi (x) \right]_4^x \\ & = \frac {4x^3-4^4}3 - 2\phi(x) + 2\phi(4) & ...(1) \end{aligned}

Putting x = 4 x=4 in equation 1:

16 ϕ ( 4 ) = 4 4 4 4 3 2 ϕ ( 4 ) + 2 ϕ ( 4 ) ϕ ( 4 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} 16 \phi(4) & = \frac {4^4-4^4}3 - 2\phi(4) + 2\phi(4) \\ \implies \phi (4) & = 0 \end{aligned}

Differentiating both sides of equation 1 with respect to x x :

2 x ϕ ( x ) + x 2 ϕ ( x ) = 4 x 2 2 ϕ ( x ) Putting x = 4 8 ϕ ( 4 ) + 16 ϕ ( 4 ) = 64 2 ϕ ( 4 ) Note that ϕ ( 4 ) = 0 0 + 18 ϕ ( 4 ) = 64 ϕ ( 4 ) = 64 18 3.556 \begin{aligned} 2x \phi (x) + x^2 \phi'(x) & = 4x^2 - 2\phi'(x) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Putting }x=4 \\ 8{\color{#3D99F6}\phi (4)} + 16\phi'(4) & = 64 - 2\phi'(4) & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Note that }\phi(4) = 0 \\ {\color{#3D99F6}0} + 18\phi'(4) & = 64 \\ \phi'(4) & = \frac {64}{18} \\ & \approx \boxed{3.556} \end{aligned}

Ingenious approach, mine's was not, I solved it by using differentiation under integral sign.

Syed Shahabudeen - 4 years, 1 month ago

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Actually, I was not sure of the differentiation method.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 4 years, 1 month ago

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