A weird arrangement .

In the overhead view of the figure, a long uniform rod of mass 0.600 k g 0.600 kg is free to rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis through its center. A spring with force constant κ = 1850 N / m \kappa = 1850 N/m is connected horizontally between one end of the rod and a fixed wall. When the rod is in equilibrium, it is parallel to the wall. What is the period of the small oscillations that result when the rod is rotated slightly and released


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The answer is 0.0653.

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4 solutions

Nathanael Case
Sep 1, 2014

I will call the length of the rod L and the mass M

Since the angle is small, the torque would be approximately 1 4 L 2 k θ \frac{-1}{4}L^2k\theta and the rotational inertia is M L 2 12 \frac{ML^2}{12} therefore the angular acceleration is approximately 3 k M θ \frac{-3k}{M}\theta which gives you the following differential equation:

d 2 θ d t 2 = 3 k M θ \frac{d^2\theta}{dt^2}=\frac{-3k}{M}\theta

This is the simple harmoic motion differential equation and it's solution is:

θ = ϕ s i n ( 3 k M t ) \theta=\phi sin(\sqrt{\frac{3k}{M}}t) Where ϕ \phi is the maximum angular displacement

The period of the sine function is 2pi, therefore the period of the oscillation is the T that satisfies 3 k M T = 2 π \sqrt{\frac{3k}{M}}T=2\pi

So solving for the period, T, you get:

T = 2 π M 3 k T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{M}{3k}}

The reason the torque would be approximately 1 4 L 2 k θ \frac{-1}{4}L^2k\theta is because the spring is compressed by an amound L 2 sin ( θ ) \frac{L}{2}\sin(\theta) therefore the force is k L 2 sin ( θ ) -k\frac{L}{2}\sin(\theta) which is acting at a distance L 2 \frac{L}{2} therefore the torque is k ( L 2 ) 2 sin ( θ ) -k(\frac{L}{2})^2\sin(\theta) but since θ \theta is small, we can make the approximation: sin ( θ ) θ \sin(\theta)\approx\theta

Therefore τ ( 1 4 ) k L 2 θ \tau\approx(\frac{-1}{4})kL^2\theta

Nathanael Case - 6 years, 9 months ago
Lucas Tell Marchi
Jan 20, 2015

Suppose r r is half the length of the rod. Then if F F is the force that is acting upon it due to the spring

F r = I θ ¨ F \cdot r = I \ddot{\theta}

Where I I is the moment of inertia of the rod and θ \theta is the angle the rod makes with the wall. For small θ \theta one is allowed to write

θ sin θ = Δ x r Δ x = r θ \theta \approx \sin \theta = \frac{\Delta x}{r} \;\;\; \therefore \;\;\; \Delta x = r \theta

Which means that F = k Δ x k r θ F = -k \Delta x \approx -kr \theta . Therefore, according to the first equation

k r 2 θ I θ ¨ = m r 2 3 θ ¨ -kr^2 \theta \approx I \ddot{\theta} = \frac{mr^2}{3} \ddot{\theta}

Where we have used I = m r 2 / 3 I = mr^2/3 . Therefore

θ ¨ + 3 k m θ 0 T 2 π m 3 k 0.0653 s \ddot{\theta} + \frac{3k}{m} \theta \approx 0 \;\;\; \Rightarrow \;\;\; T \approx 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{3k}} \approx 0.0653 s

Manuj Trehan
Feb 6, 2015

Let E be the energy of the system which remains conserved. When one end of the rod has undergone a small displacement x 'x' [Where x = l θ 2 x= \frac{l \theta}{2} ] .

E = I ω 2 2 + k x 2 2 \frac{I\omega^2}{2} + \frac{kx^2}{2}

Differentiating both sides

I 2 d ω 2 d t + k 2 d x 2 d t = 0 \frac{I}{2}\frac{d\omega^2}{dt} + \frac{k}{2}\frac{dx^2}{dt} = 0

I 2 2 ω d ω d t + k 2 2 x d x d t = 0 \frac{I}{2}2\omega\frac{d\omega}{dt} + \frac{k}{2}2x\frac{dx}{dt} = 0

I 2 v l d 2 θ d t 2 + k x v = 0 I\frac{2v}{l}\frac{d^2\theta}{dt^2} + kxv = 0

d 2 θ d t 2 + k l 2 θ 4 I = 0 \frac{d^2\theta}{dt^2} + \frac{kl^2\theta}{4I} = 0

Comparing with equation of differentiability

ω = k l 2 4 I = 3 k m \omega = \sqrt{\frac{kl^2}{4I}} = \sqrt{\frac{3k}{m}}

T = 2 π m 3 k 0.0653 s T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{m}{3k}} \approx 0.0653s

Time period will be: T = 2 π m 3 k T=2π\sqrt{\frac{m}{3k}}

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