n = 2 ∑ ∞ 2 n ( n 4 + 4 ) n 4 + 3 n 2 + 1 0 n + 1 0
If the summation above can be written as b a for coprime positive integer, find a ( b + 1 ) .
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While it is great that you cared about the validity of "interchanging order of summation and limits", there actually isn't a need to do so when the telescoping summation results in cancellation of "nearby" terms (because we're not interchanging the order).
The issue only arises when we have to cancel a term with something that that progressively further down. IE If the cancellation is a i − a i + 1 , then we get ( a 1 − a 2 ) + ( a 2 − a 3 ) + ( a 3 − a 4 ) + … = a 1 + ( − a 2 + a 2 ) + ( − a 3 + a 3 ) + … = a 1 , then that is legal if a n tends to 0.
However, further justification will be necessary for the equality of ( a 1 − a 2 ) + ( a 2 − a 4 ) + ( a 3 − a 6 ) + ( a 4 − a 8 ) + … = a 1 + a 3 + a 5 + … , even if a n tends to 0.
Challenge Master: fixed thank you!
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Note that n 4 + 3 n 2 + 1 0 n + 1 0 = ( n 4 + 4 ) + ( 3 n 2 + 1 0 n + 6 ) , then 2 n ( n 4 + 4 ) n 4 + 3 n 2 + 1 0 n + 1 0 = 2 n 1 + 2 n ( n 4 + 4 ) 3 n 2 + 1 0 n + 6 .
By Sophie Germain Identity, we can see that n 4 + 4 factors to ( n 2 − 2 n + 2 ) ( n 2 + 2 n + 2 ) . Thus by partial fractions,
n 4 + 4 3 n 2 + 1 0 n + 6 ≡ = n 2 − 2 n + 2 4 − n 2 + 2 n + 2 1 ( n − 1 ) 2 + 1 4 − ( n + 1 ) 2 + 1 1
Hence the series equals to
= = = = = n = 2 ∑ ∞ 2 n ( n 4 + 4 ) n 4 + 3 n 2 + 1 0 n + 1 0 n = 2 ∑ ∞ 2 n 1 + n = 2 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n 1 ⋅ ( n − 1 ) 2 + 1 4 − 2 n 1 ⋅ ( n + 1 ) 2 + 1 1 ) 1 − 1 / 2 1 / 2 2 + n = 2 ∑ ∞ ( 2 n − 1 1 ⋅ ( n − 1 ) 2 + 1 2 − 2 n + 1 1 ⋅ ( n + 1 ) 2 + 1 2 ) 2 1 + n = 2 ∑ ∞ ( a n − 1 − a n + 1 ) 2 1 + ( a 1 + a 2 ) 2 1 + 2 ( 2 1 ( 1 2 + 1 ) 1 + 2 2 ( 2 2 + 1 ) 1 ) = 1 0 1 1
Hence, a = 1 1 , b = 1 0 ⇒ a ( b + 1 ) = 1 2 1 .