In a regular hexagon , points , , , and are on sides , , , and , respectively, in a way such that , , , and are parallel and equidistant. If the side length of is 1, what is the area of hexagon ?
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We draw equilateral triangles as shown above. We can split up W C X Y F Z into two trapezoids. B D = 3 (since it is twice the altitude of an equilateral triangle with side length 1 ).
Zoom into the top half of A B C D E F :
The smaller equilateral triangle is similar to the larger ones. We are given that A B , W Z , X Y , and E D are parallel and equidistant, so they divide A B C D E F (and therefore B D ) into thirds. So, the altitude of the larger equilateral triangles is 3 3 , and the altitude of the smaller equilateral triangle is 6 3 . From that, we know that the smaller equilateral triangle is similar to the larger ones with a similarity ratio of 1 : 2 .
The base of the smaller equilateral triangle is 3 1 (because of 30-60-90 triangle ratios). Since the similarity ratio between the smaller and larger equilateral triangles is 1 : 2 , the larger ones each have bases of 3 2 . Therefore, Z W = 3 5 . Since we know the height ( 6 3 ) and two bases of trapezoid Z W C F (since F C = 2 ) we can compute its area to be 3 6 1 1 3 .
Since W C X Y F Z is made up of two of these trapezoids, its area is 2 ⋅ 3 6 1 1 3 = 1 8 1 1 3 .