about roots of an equation

Algebra Level 1

If α \alpha and β \beta are the roots of the equation x 2 p x + q = 0 x^2-px+q=0 where p p and q q are variables, find α 2 + β 2 \alpha^2+\beta^2 .

p 2 2 q p^2-2q q p q-p q 2 + 2 p q^2+2p p 2 + q 2 p^2+q^2

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1 solution

In the quadratic equation a x 2 + b x + c = 0 ax^2+bx+c=0 the sum of the roots is b a \dfrac{-b}{a} and the product of the roots is c a \dfrac{c}{a} .

α + β = ( p ) 1 = p \alpha + \beta = \dfrac{-(-p)}{1}=p

α × β = q 1 = q \alpha \times \beta =\dfrac{q}{1}=q

Then,

( α + β ) 2 = 1 2 (\alpha+\beta)^2=1^2

α 2 + 2 α β + β 2 = p 2 \alpha^2+2\alpha \beta +\beta^2=p^2

α 2 + β 2 = p 2 2 α β \alpha^2 + \beta^2=p^2-2\alpha \beta

however, α β = q \alpha \beta = q

α 2 + β 2 = p 2 2 q \alpha^2 + \beta^2 = \boxed{p^2-2q}

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