If and are the roots of the equation where and are variables, find .
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In the quadratic equation a x 2 + b x + c = 0 the sum of the roots is a − b and the product of the roots is a c .
α + β = 1 − ( − p ) = p
α × β = 1 q = q
Then,
( α + β ) 2 = 1 2
α 2 + 2 α β + β 2 = p 2
α 2 + β 2 = p 2 − 2 α β
however, α β = q
α 2 + β 2 = p 2 − 2 q