Acidic or not?

Chemistry Level 2

Which of the following is true about an aqueous AlCl 3 \text{AlCl}_{3} solution?

It is basic. It is acidic. It is neutral.

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2 solutions

Prakhar Gupta
May 14, 2015

Although A l C l 3 AlCl_{3} is covalent when anhydrous but it becomes ionic in aqueous solution.

In aqueous medium A l + 3 Al^{+3} exists as a complex [ A l ( H 2 O ) 6 ] + 3 [Al(H_{2}O)_{6}]^{+3} .

This complex contains A l O Al — O bond, which is very strong bond and it weakens O H O—H bond. This is responsible for acidic character of the given solution.

[ A l ( H 2 O ) 6 ] + 3 [ A l ( H 2 O ) 5 O H ] + 2 + H + [Al(H_{2}O)_{6}]^{+3} \rightleftharpoons [Al(H_{2}O)_{5}OH]^{+2} + H^{+}

Aran Pasupathy
May 18, 2015

There are two types of acids and bases; Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases and Lewis acids and Lewis bases.

A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor while a Bronsted-Lowry base is a proton acceptor. A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons while a Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons. If one were to observe Bronsted Lowry acid-base reactions theoretically, one would observe that Bronsted Lowry acids and bases is a subset of Lewis acids and bases.

As can be seen in the image, aluminium trichloride can accept a pair of electrons, so it is acidic.

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