Again a Complex Number System

Algebra Level 5

Let a , b , c a, b, c be complex numbers satisfying a + b + c = a b c = 1 a + b +c = abc = 1

and a b + b c + a c 3 = 1 a 2 + 1 b 2 + 1 c 2 \dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{3} = \dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}

The sum of absolute values of all possible a b + a c + b c ab + ac + bc can be written as n m \dfrac{\sqrt{n}}{m} , where n n and m m are positive coprime integers. What is the value of n + m n + m ?


The answer is 76.

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1 solution

Jakub Kocák
Nov 19, 2014

At first, we would like to get rid of the right side of the third equation to obtain nicer form, because we are interested in term a b + b c + a c ab + bc + ac . First possibility that pop out in my mind is trying this ( 1 a + 1 b + 1 c ) 2 = 1 a 2 + 1 b 2 + 1 c 2 + 2 ( 1 a b + 1 b c + 1 a c ) = \left( \frac{1}{a}+ \frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c} \right)^2 = \frac{1}{a^2}+ \frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2} + 2 \left( \frac{1}{a b} +\frac{1}{b c} +\frac{1}{a c} \right) = ( a b + b c + a c a b c ) 2 = 1 a 2 + 1 b 2 + 1 c 2 + 2 a + b + c a b c . \left( \frac{ab + bc + ac}{abc} \right)^2 = \frac{1}{a^2}+ \frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2} + 2 \frac{a + b + c}{a b c} \, . Using the first and the second equation we obtain ( a b + b c + a c ) 2 = 1 a 2 + 1 b 2 + 1 c 2 + 2 . ( ab + bc + ac) ^2 = \frac{1}{a^2}+ \frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2} + 2 \, . Applying to the third equation a b + b c + a c 3 = ( a b + b c + a c ) 2 2 \frac{ab + bc + ac}{3} = (ab + bc + ac) ^2 - 2 we got quadratic equation in terms of X : = a b + b c + a c X := ab + bc + ac . X 2 1 3 X 2 = 0 X^2 - \frac{1}{3} X -2 = 0 This equation has two solutions X 1 , 2 = 1 ± 73 6 . X_{1,2} = \frac{1 \pm \sqrt{73}}{6} \, . First is positive, the second is negative. Our solution is incomplete, because we should show that there exists at least one solution ( a , b , c ) (a,b,c) to corresponding X 1 , 2 X_{1,2} , but from form of solution we know that both solutions are possible. If we did not know the form of solution, we would just have to find one solution for each X 1 , 2 X_{1,2} .

Adding absolute values of X 1 , 2 X_{1,2} we get X 1 + X 2 = 1 + 73 6 + 1 + 73 6 = 73 3 |X_1|+|X_2| = \frac{1 + \sqrt{73}}{6} + \frac{- 1 + \sqrt{73}}{6} = \frac{\sqrt{73}}{3}

You could have took LCM on right and apply ( a b + b c + c a ) 2 = a 2 b 2 + b 2 c 2 + c 2 a 2 + 2 a b c ( a + b + c ) (ab+bc+ca)^{2}=a^{2}b^{2}+b^{2}c^{2}+c^{2}a^{2}+2abc(a+b+c) to find out numerator which would directly give you the equation λ 3 = λ 2 2 \frac{\lambda}{3}=\lambda^{2}-2

(Tad easier)

Still nice solution! Keep it up!

Pranjal Jain - 6 years, 6 months ago

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Thanks. That's nice that there is almost always some way how to shorten solution.

Jakub Kocák - 6 years, 6 months ago

I did using this.

Prakhar Gupta - 6 years, 4 months ago

Did same!!

Dev Sharma - 5 years, 6 months ago

For completeness, the solutions would be the roots of the equation x 3 x 2 + λ x 1 = 0 x^3 - x^2 + \lambda x - 1 = 0 , where λ = 1 ± 73 6 \lambda = \frac{ 1 \pm \sqrt{73} } { 6} . This cubic clearly has complex solutions.

Calvin Lin Staff - 6 years, 6 months ago

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That is nice observation. I did not notice that knowing these three relations a b c = 1 a b + b c + c a = λ + , a + b + c = 1 abc = 1 ~~~ ab + bc + ca = \lambda_{+,-} ~~~ a+b+c=1 you can using Vieta's formulas reformulate solution of three original equations as solution of cubic polynomial. Thank you for completing my solution.

Jakub Kocák - 6 years, 6 months ago

Superb solution! @Jakub Kocák

Anuj Shikarkhane - 6 years, 6 months ago

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How can we solve this problem by using complex numbers........ please help @Anuj Shikarkhane

Aman Sharma - 6 years, 6 months ago

Damn ! How could i miss the 3 on the L.H.S !!

Keshav Tiwari - 6 years, 6 months ago

oh man, missed the "absolute value" part in the first try. Damn!

Nice solution though.

Ashu Dablo - 6 years, 6 months ago

got everything right just didnt add at the end to get 76, so i got 79 (73+6)

Vikram Pandya - 4 years, 5 months ago

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