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Find the sum of all integers n n such that 3 n 5 n + 1 \sqrt{\dfrac{3n-5}{n+1}} is also an integer.


The answer is -6.

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2 solutions

We require that 3 n 5 n + 1 = 3 8 n + 1 \dfrac{3n - 5}{n + 1} = 3 - \dfrac{8}{n + 1} be a perfect square. Now for this expression to be a perfect square we will first require that 8 n + 1 \dfrac{8}{n + 1} be an integer. This will be the case when n + 1 n + 1 is a divisor of 8 8 , i.e., when

n + 1 = ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 4 , ± 8 8 n + 1 = ± 8 , ± 4 , ± 2 , ± 1 n + 1 = \pm 1, \pm 2, \pm 4, \pm 8 \Longrightarrow \dfrac{8}{n + 1} = \pm 8, \pm 4, \pm 2, \pm 1 .

The range of 3 8 n + 1 3 - \dfrac{8}{n + 1} will then be 3 8 = 5 3 - 8 = -5 to 3 + 8 = 11 3 + 8 = 11 . The only perfect squares in this range are 1 , 4 1, 4 and 9 9 .

Now 3 8 n + 1 = 1 3 - \dfrac{8}{n + 1} = 1 when n + 1 = 2 n = 3 n + 1 = 2 \Longrightarrow n = 3 and

3 8 n + 1 = 4 3 - \dfrac{8}{n + 1} = 4 when n + 1 = 8 n = 9 n + 1 = -8 \Longrightarrow n = -9 .

Since 6 -6 is not one of the possible values for 8 n + 1 \dfrac{8}{n + 1} we can't have 3 8 n + 1 = 9 3 - \dfrac{8}{n + 1} = 9 , so the only possible values for n n are 3 3 and 9 -9 , which sum to 6 \boxed{-6} .

Brilliant solution!

Silver Vice - 5 years, 1 month ago

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Thank you! :)

Brian Charlesworth - 5 years, 1 month ago

Such that 3 n 5 n + 1 \sqrt{\frac{3n-5}{n+1}} is a integer 3 n 5 n + 1 = k 2 \frac{3n-5}{n+1}=k^2 for someone k k . Then if v = n + 1 3 n 5 = 3 v 8 v=n+1 \Longrightarrow 3n-5=3v-8 and substituting in the fraction 3 v 8 v = k 2 3 v 8 = v k 2 v ( 3 k 2 ) = 8 \frac{3v-8}{v}=k^2 \Longrightarrow 3v-8=vk^2 \Longrightarrow v(3-k^2)=8 . We have two options the 1st is: If v v is positive, then 3 k 2 > 0 k 2 < 3 k 2 = 1 3-k^2>0 \Longrightarrow k^2<3 \therefore k^2 = 1 or k 2 = 2 k^2=2 but 2 \sqrt2 is not a integer \Longrightarrow only take k 2 = 1 v = 4 n = 3 k^2=1 \Longrightarrow v=4 \therefore n=3

The 2nd option: if If v v is negative, then 3 k 2 < 0 k 2 > 3 k 2 = 4 3-k^2<0 \Longrightarrow k^2>3 \therefore k^2 = 4 or k 2 = 9 k^2=9 but v v should be minor to 8 given that 3 k 2 3-k^2 shouldn´t be a fraction. Then only take k 2 = 4 v ( 3 4 ) = 8 k^2=4 \Longrightarrow v(3-4)=8 , v = 8 n = 9 v=-8 \therefore n=-9

\Longrightarrow exist 2 values for n n , n = 3 n=3 and n = 9 n=-9 3 9 = 6 \therefore 3-9=\boxed{-6}

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