Find the sum of all integers n such that n + 1 3 n − 5 is also an integer.
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Brilliant solution!
Such that n + 1 3 n − 5 is a integer n + 1 3 n − 5 = k 2 for someone k . Then if v = n + 1 ⟹ 3 n − 5 = 3 v − 8 and substituting in the fraction v 3 v − 8 = k 2 ⟹ 3 v − 8 = v k 2 ⟹ v ( 3 − k 2 ) = 8 . We have two options the 1st is: If v is positive, then 3 − k 2 > 0 ⟹ k 2 < 3 ∴ k 2 = 1 or k 2 = 2 but 2 is not a integer ⟹ only take k 2 = 1 ⟹ v = 4 ∴ n = 3
The 2nd option: if If v is negative, then 3 − k 2 < 0 ⟹ k 2 > 3 ∴ k 2 = 4 or k 2 = 9 but v should be minor to 8 given that 3 − k 2 shouldn´t be a fraction. Then only take k 2 = 4 ⟹ v ( 3 − 4 ) = 8 , v = − 8 ∴ n = − 9
⟹ exist 2 values for n , n = 3 and n = − 9 ∴ 3 − 9 = − 6
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We require that n + 1 3 n − 5 = 3 − n + 1 8 be a perfect square. Now for this expression to be a perfect square we will first require that n + 1 8 be an integer. This will be the case when n + 1 is a divisor of 8 , i.e., when
n + 1 = ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 4 , ± 8 ⟹ n + 1 8 = ± 8 , ± 4 , ± 2 , ± 1 .
The range of 3 − n + 1 8 will then be 3 − 8 = − 5 to 3 + 8 = 1 1 . The only perfect squares in this range are 1 , 4 and 9 .
Now 3 − n + 1 8 = 1 when n + 1 = 2 ⟹ n = 3 and
3 − n + 1 8 = 4 when n + 1 = − 8 ⟹ n = − 9 .
Since − 6 is not one of the possible values for n + 1 8 we can't have 3 − n + 1 8 = 9 , so the only possible values for n are 3 and − 9 , which sum to − 6 .