AIME 2015 Problem 12

There are 1024 1024 possible 10 10 -letter strings in which each letter is either an A A or a B B . Find the number of such strings that do not have more than 3 3 adjacent letters that are identical.


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The answer is 548.

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1 solution

Brandon Monsen
Dec 3, 2015

We can define the number of n-letter strings that contain no more than three a s a's or b s b's in a row as s n s_{n} . We can piece together that s 1 = 2 , s 2 = 4 , s 3 = 8 s_{1}=2, s_{2}=4, s_{3}=8 , and since there are 2 2 3-letter strings that contain 3 a s a's and 3 b s b's , then s 4 = 16 2 = 14 s_{4}=16-2=14 .

Looking at our sequences, to find the value of s n s_{n} , we can tack on either an a a or a b b at the end of our previous sequence. This however wont always work. If s n 1 s_{n-1} ends in 3 a s a's or b s b's in a row, then only one of the two letters will work. Given any sequence of length n 4 n-4 , we can always add three of whatever letter that sequence doesn't end in, so there are s n 4 s_{n-4} sequences such that we can only add on one of the two letters at the end.

This gives us the formula s n = 2 s n 1 s n 4 s_{n}=2s_{n-1}-s_{n-4} and using the above information, we can eventually arrive at the answer of 548 \boxed{548}

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