AIME 2015 Problem 8

Algebra Level 5

Let a a and b b be positive integers satisfying a b + 1 a + b < 3 2 \dfrac{ab+1}{a+b} < \frac{3}{2} . The maximum possible value of a 3 b 3 + 1 a 3 + b 3 \dfrac{a^3b^3+1}{a^3+b^3} is p q \dfrac{p}{q} , where p p and q q are relatively prime positive integers. Find p + q p+q .


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The answer is 36.

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1 solution

Brandon Monsen
Dec 5, 2015

Because we know that a , b a,b are positive integers, we know that both the numerator and denominator of our fraction a b + 1 a + b \frac{ab+1}{a+b} are positive, so we can legitimately rearrange by cross multiplying. We should get that

2 a b + 2 < 3 a + 3 b 4 a b + 4 6 a 6 b < 0 ( 2 a 3 ) ( 2 b 3 ) < 5 2ab+2<3a+3b \\ 4ab+4-6a-6b<0 \\ (2a-3)(2b-3)<5

We can check for all possible combinations for positive integers a , b a,b that satisfy this inequality. We should get all ordered pairs ( a , b ) (a,b) are

( 1 , 1 ) , ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 3 ) , ( 2 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 ) , ( 2 , 3 ) , ( 3 , 1 ) , ( 3 , 2 ) (1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(3,1),(3,2)

Since a a and b b are interchangeable, we can reduce our cases to

( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 1 ) , ( 3 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 2 ) , ( 2 , 3 ) (1,1),(2,1),(3,1),(2,2),(2,3)

We can also see that if a a or b b is 1, then the expression a 3 b 3 + 1 a 3 + b 3 \frac{a^{3}b^{3}+1}{a^{3}+b^{3}} equals 1. This reduces our cases even further to

( 2 , 3 ) , ( 2 , 2 ) (2,3),(2,2)

Checking ( 2 , 2 ) (2,2) , a 3 b 3 + 1 a 3 + b 3 = 65 16 \frac{a^{3}b^{3}+1}{a^{3}+b^{3}}=\frac{65}{16}

Checking ( 2 , 3 ) (2,3) , a 3 b 3 + 1 a 3 + b 3 = 217 35 = 31 5 \frac{a^{3}b^{3}+1}{a^{3}+b^{3}}=\frac{217}{35}=\frac{31}{5}

Since 31 5 > 65 16 > 1 \frac{31}{5}>\frac{65}{16}>1 , our answer is 31 + 5 = 36 31+5=\boxed{36}

Huh... This was already posted once before and it was under number theory... weird... Anyways, same solution XD

Manuel Kahayon - 5 years, 5 months ago

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Yeah these math contest problems tend to get posted a lot :P

Brandon Monsen - 5 years, 5 months ago

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