Air Friction Stops my Projectile

From the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system, a particle of mass m m is thrown with an initial speed v 0 v_{0} at an angle of θ = π 3 \theta=\frac{\pi}{3} from the horizontal x-axis. The air friction f f acts on the particle such that f = b v , \vec{f} = - b\vec{v}, where b b is a positive constant and v \vec{v} is the velocity of the particle. If the x cordinate where the particle will only have vertical speed can be writen as x = α m v 0 β b . x=\dfrac{\alpha\cdot mv_{0}}{\beta \cdot b}. Find the value of α + β . \alpha+\beta.

The gravity acts in the vertically downward direction as g = g y ^ \vec{g}=-g\hat{y} .


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The answer is 3.

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2 solutions

Md Zuhair
Sep 9, 2017

As per the given question,

F n e t = b ( v x i ^ + v y j ^ ) m g j ^ F x = b ( v x ) m a x = b ( v x ) m v x d v x d x = b ( v x ) d v x = b m × d x \begin{aligned} \vec{F_{net}} &= -b (v_x \hat i + v_y \hat j) - mg \hat j \\ F_x &= -b (v_x ) \\ ma_x &= -b (v_x ) \\ m v_x \dfrac{dv_x}{dx} &= -b (v_x ) \\ dv_x &= \dfrac{-b}{m}\times dx \end{aligned}

Integrating for horizontal direction of velocity,

v 0 cos 60 0 d v x = 0 x b m × d x ( 0 v 0 2 ) = b m x x = m v 0 2 b α = 1 , β = 2 α + β = 3 \begin{aligned} \displaystyle{\int^{0}_{v_{0} \cos 60} d|\vec{v_{x}}|} &= \displaystyle{\int^{x}_{0} \dfrac{-b}{m}\times dx} \\ (0-\dfrac{v_{0}}{2}) &= \dfrac{-b}{m} x \\ \end{aligned} \\ \boxed{x = \dfrac{mv_{0}}{2b}} \\ \alpha = 1,\, \beta=2 \\ \alpha+\beta = \boxed{3}

Great approach !

Vijay Simha - 1 year, 7 months ago

I did it same way!!! 😃

Luv Mehrotra - 1 year ago

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nice to know that!

Md Zuhair - 1 year ago

As we only need horizontal information, we'll use Newton's second law of motion: m x ¨ = b x ˙ m\ddot{x}=-b\dot{x} D ( D + b m ) ( x ( t ) ) = 0 \Rightarrow D(D+\frac{b}{m})(x(t))=0 Also we have the initial conditions x ( 0 ) = 0 x(0)=0 and x ˙ ( 0 ) = v 0 cos ( π 3 ) = v 0 2 \dot{x}(0)=v_{0}\cdot \cos(\frac{\pi}{3})=\frac{v_{0}}{2} the differential equation gives: x ( t ) = m v 0 2 b ( 1 e b m t ) x(t)=\frac{mv_{0}}{2b}(1-e^{-\frac{b}{m}t}) So the answer is 1 + 2 = 3 1+2=3

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