Algebra?

Algebra Level 5

x 4 + 4 x 3 8 x 2 + k = 0 \large x^4+4x^3-8x^2+k = 0

Given the equation above, where k k lies in the interval ( 0 , 2014 ) (0,2014) . Find the sum of all integral values of k k such that equation above has 2 distinct real roots and two complex roots.


The answer is 8122.

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1 solution

Kushal Bose
Sep 21, 2016

First of all take f ( x ) = x 4 + 4 x 3 8 x 2 f(x)=x^4+4 x^3-8 x^2

Differentiate w.r.t. x x

f ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 12 x 2 16 x = 4 x ( x 2 + 3 x 4 ) = 4 x ( x + 4 ) ( x 1 ) f'(x)=4 x^3+12 x^2-16 x \\ =4 x(x^2+3 x-4) \\ =4 x (x+4)(x-1)

Taking f ( x ) = 0 f'(x)=0 .There are solutions x = 0 , 1 , 4 x=0,1,-4

Now f ( x ) = 12 x 2 + 24 x 16 f''(x)=12 x^2+24 x-16 .

f ( 0 ) = 16 > 0 , f ( 1 ) = 30 > 0 , f ( 4 ) = 80 > 0 f(0)=-16>0, f(1)=30>0,f(-4)=80>0 .So, x = 0 x=0 has a maxima and x = 1 , 4 x=1,-4 have mimima.

The function is decreasing in [ 0 , 1 ] [0,1] and increasing in [ 1 , ) [1,\infty) .Again f ( x ) f(x) increasing in [ 4 , 0 ] [-4,0] and decreasing in ( , 4 ] (-\infty,-4] .

f ( 1 ) = 3 f(1)=-3 and f ( 4 ) = 128 f(-4)=-128

Now if a integral constant k k is added with this function.the value of the function will get increase.Geometrically the graph of the function will be shifted upward according to the value of k k .At k = 0 k=0 f(x) has four real zeroes.If we shift the function such a way there will be only be two roots then automatically other two roots will be complex as there are real co-efficients.

Here f ( 1 ) = 3 f(1)=-3 .If k = 4 k=4 then the minima part will be above X-axis.The other minima part is still below X-axis.They are contributing two real roots. So minimum value of k = 4 k=4 .Now increase the value of k k untill the second minima part should not touch the X-axis.The value of second minima is 128 128 .So ,it can be increased up to k = 127 k=127 so that it will still below X-axis.

So the values of k k are 4 , 5 , 6 , 126 , 127 4,5,6, \cdots 126,127 .

The sum is 8122 \boxed{8122}

Exactly!!!

Prakhar Bindal - 4 years, 8 months ago

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