Alien's fingers

5 r 4 4 r = ( 0.121212 ) r \large \frac{5_r}{44_r}=(0.121212\ldots)_r Aliens of planet X use their total number of fingers as the base of their number system as we do on earth. Let r r be their number of fingers. Use the equality above, where all the numbers are expressed in base r , r, to find the total number of fingers of an alien of planet X.


The answer is 13.

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1 solution

Arturo Presa
Jun 18, 2016

Relevant wiki: Number Base - Converting to Different Bases

We have that 5 r 5_r is equal to 5 in base 10, 4 4 r 44_r is the number 4 r + 4 4r+4 , and ( 0.121212... ) r (0. 121212...)_r is the number ( r + 2 ) / ( r 2 1 ) . (r+2)/(r^2-1). So the given equality can be expressed in the form
5 4 r + 4 = r + 2 r 2 1 . \frac{5}{4r+4}=\frac{r+2}{r^2-1}.
Solving this equation for r , r, we get two possible values: -1 and 13.
Since r = 1 r=-1 is an extraneous solution that is also negative, it cannot be the base.
Then the base must be 13. So the total number fingers of an alien must be 13, which is an odd number. It is weird, isn't it? But the answer to our problem is 13 . \boxed{13}.


How did you get 0.121212121212.. . r = r + 2 r 2 1 0.121212121212..._r = \dfrac{r+2}{r^2-1} ?

Alex G - 4 years, 12 months ago

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Let k = 0.1212 k=0.1212\ldots .

r 2 k = 12.1212 r^2k=12.1212\ldots

( r 2 1 ) k = 12 = r + 2 (r^2-1)k=12=r+2

Shaun Leong - 4 years, 12 months ago

@Shaun Leong is right. Let me explain the same thing in my own way for you to have more than one possible explanation of it. Since 1 2 r = r + 2 , 12_r=r+2, then ( 0.121212... ) r = 1 2 r ( 1 r 2 + 1 r 4 + . . . ) = ( r + 2 ) 1 r 2 ( 1 + 1 r 2 + 1 r 4 + . . . ) = ( r + 2 ) 1 r 2 ( 1 1 1 r 2 ) = r + 2 r 2 1 . (0.121212...)_r= 12_r (\frac{1}{r^2}+\frac{1}{r^4}+...)=(r+2)\frac{1}{r^2}(1+\frac{1}{r^2}+\frac{1}{r^4}+...)=(r+2)\frac{1}{r^2}(\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{r^2}})=\frac{r+2}{r^2-1}.

Arturo Presa - 4 years, 12 months ago

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0.12121212.. = 4/33 = 8/66 = 12/99 .. in decimal.

thus we get 4r +4 = 132 => lowest integer solution. r=32

(16) in base 32 = (5) in base 10. Can you please let me know where i am wrong?

Ananya Aaniya - 4 years, 10 months ago

Why0.1212121212...=12base r .(1/r^2+1/r^4....)

Mr Yovan - 4 years, 11 months ago

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OK, a number between 0 and 1 in base 10 can be expressed in the form 0. a 1 a 2 a 3 a n 0.a_1 a_2 a_3\dots a_n \dots in base 10. For example, 34 / 99 = 0.343434 . 34/99=0.343434\dots. But what is the meaning of this notation? By definition 0.343434... = 3 10 + 4 1 0 2 + 3 1 0 3 + 4 1 0 4 + , 0.343434...=\frac{3}{10}+\frac{4}{10^2}+\frac{3}{10^3}+\frac{4}{10^4}+\dots, when the base is 10. By combining the first term with the second, the third with the four and so for, we obtain that the previous number can also be written as 34 100 + 34 10 0 2 + \frac{34}{100}+\frac{34}{100^2}+\dots When you use a base r r that can be any positive integer (not necessarily 10), then , for example, ( 0.121212 ) r = 1 r + 2 r 2 + 1 r 3 + 2 r 4 + (0.121212\dots)_r=\frac{1}{r}+\frac{2}{r^2}+\frac{1}{r^3}+\frac{2}{r^4}+\dots Combining the first with the second term, the third with the fourth, etc, we obtain that ( 0.121212 ) r = ( 1 r + 2 r 2 ) + ( 1 r 3 + 2 r 4 ) + = r + 2 r 2 + r + 2 r 4 + = 1 2 r r 2 + 1 2 r r 4 + (0.121212\dots)_r= (\frac{1}{r}+\frac{2}{r^2})+(\frac{1}{r^3}+\frac{2}{r^4})+\dots=\frac{r+2}{r^2}+\frac{r+2}{r^4}+\dots= \frac{12_r}{r^2}+\frac{12_r}{r^4}+\dots

Arturo Presa - 4 years, 11 months ago

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