Altered from Another Problem

Geometry Level 3

Let A B C ABC be a scalene triangle and M M be the midpoint of B C BC . The incircle centered at I I touches B C BC at D D . Denote by N N the midpoint of A D AD .

Transpose the figure to the complex plane and find ( N I ) ( M I ) ( N I ) ( M I ) (N-I)(\overline{M} - \overline{I}) - (\overline{N} - \overline{I})(M-I) , where N, M, I denote the complex numbers of their respective points.


The answer is 0.

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1 solution

Alan Yan
Sep 5, 2015

The expression we want to find is quite well-known and tells exactly what to do. This expression is equal to zero if and only if N , I , M N, I, M are collinear (Of course you could've just guessed, however, that wouldn't be fun ;) ).

Let A 1 A_1 be the foot of the angle bisector of angle A on BC.

We will apply Menelaus \textbf{Menelaus} on A A 1 D \triangle AA_1D .

To finish the problem, it suffices to show that

A N N D D M M A 1 A 1 I I A = 1 \frac{AN}{ND} \cdot \frac{DM}{MA_1} \cdot \frac{A_1I}{IA} = 1

Obviously, A N N D = 1 \frac{AN}{ND} = 1

We know that D C = s c DC = s - c , M C = a 2 D M = s c a 2 = b c 2 MC = \frac{a}{2} \implies DM = s - c -\frac{a}{2} = \frac{b-c}{2}

Also, we know that B A 1 A 1 C = c b A 1 C = a b b + c M A 1 = a b b + c a 2 = a ( b c ) 2 ( b + c ) \frac{BA_1}{A_1C} = \frac{c}{b} \implies A_1C = \frac{ab}{b+c} \implies MA_1 = \frac{ab}{b+c} - \frac{a}{2} = \frac{a(b-c)}{2(b+c)}

This implies that D M M A 1 = ( b + c ) a \frac{DM}{MA_1} = \frac{(b+c)}{a}

By Angle Bisector Theorem on A B A 1 \triangle ABA_1 , we find that A 1 I I A = a b + c \frac{A_1I}{IA} = \frac{a}{b+c} (Alternatively you can use mass points, bary, etc. )

Therefore, this implies that

A N N D D M M A 1 A 1 I I A = 1 b + c a a b + c = 1 \frac{AN}{ND} \cdot \frac{DM}{MA_1} \cdot \frac{A_1I}{IA} =1 \cdot \frac{b+c}{a} \cdot \frac{a}{b+c} = 1

which implies that the three points are collinear.

Therefore, the answer is 0 \boxed{0}

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