Positive reals a and b are such that a > b . Find the minimum value of a + b ( a − b ) 1 .
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Since a > b . let a = b + c , where c is a positive real. Then by AM-GM inequality , we have:
b + c + b c 1 ≥ 3 3 b c b c = 3
Equality occurs when b = c = 1 or a = 2 .
By AM-GM inequality, we have a + b ( a − b ) 1 = b + ( a − b ) + b ( a − b ) 1 ≥ 3 . Equality happens when b = 1 , a = 2 .
Equality occurs when 2 b = a is incorrect. If b = 2 and a = 4 equality does not occur.
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Our function is f ( a , b ) = a + b ( a − b ) 1 . This function attains an optimum when ∂ a ∂ f = 0 , ∂ b ∂ f = 0 ⟹ 1 − b ( a − b ) 2 1 = 0 , a − 2 b = 0 ⟹ a = 2 b , b ( a − b ) 2 = 1 ⟹ b 2 = 1 ⟹ b = 1 , a = 2 (since b is positive). The optimum value of the function is 2 + 1 ( 2 − 1 ) 1 = 2 + 1 = 3 . At these values of a and b , the value of the function is minimum , which can easily be checked from the second derivatives.