Quintic Expression

Algebra Level pending

Let a , b , c and d be distinct real numbers such that

a a + b b + c c + d d = 3 and
a 2 a^2 + b 2 b^2 + c 2 c^2 + d 2 d^2 =45

Then Find the value of a 5 ( a b ) ( a c ) ( a d ) + b 5 ( b a ) ( b c ) ( b d ) + c 5 ( c a ) ( c b ) ( c d ) + d 5 ( d a ) ( d b ) ( d c ) \frac{a^5}{(a-b)(a-c)(a-d)}+\frac{b^5}{(b-a)(b-c)(b-d)}+\frac{c^5}{(c-a)(c-b)(c-d)}+\frac{d^5}{(d-a)(d-b)(d-c)}


The answer is 27.

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1 solution

Danish Ahmed
Jan 4, 2015

Starting withn the identity a 5 ( b c ) ( b d ) ( c d ) b 5 ( a c ) ( a d ) ( c d ) + c 5 ( a b ) ( a d ) ( b d ) d 5 ( a b ) ( a c ) ( b c ) = ( a b ) ( a c ) ( a d ) ( b c ) ( b d ) ( c d ) [ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + a b + a c + a d + b c + b d + c d ] \begin{aligned} & a^5(b-c)(b-d)(c-d) - b^5(a-c)(a-d)(c-d) + c^5(a-b)(a-d)(b-d) - d^5(a-b)(a-c)(b-c) \\& = (a-b)(a-c)(a-d)(b-c)(b-d)(c-d)[a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd] \end{aligned}

and then dividing by ( a b ) ( a c ) ( a d ) ( b c ) ( b d ) ( c d ) (a-b)(a-c)(a-d)(b-c)(b-d)(c-d) for distinct a a , b b , c c and d d

a 5 ( a b ) ( a c ) ( a d ) + b 5 ( b a ) ( b c ) ( b d ) + c 5 ( c a ) ( c b ) ( c d ) + d 5 ( d a ) ( d b ) ( d c ) \frac{a^5}{(a-b)(a-c)(a-d)}+\frac{b^5}{(b-a)(b-c)(b-d)}+\frac{c^5}{(c-a)(c-b)(c-d)}+\frac{d^5}{(d-a)(d-b)(d-c)} = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + a b + a c + a d + b c + b d + c d = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + [ ( a + b + c + d ) 2 ( a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 ) ] / 2 = [ a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + ( a + b + c + d ) 2 ] / 2 = [ 45 + 3 2 ] / 2 = 27 \begin{aligned} & = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + ab + ac + ad + bc + bd + cd\\ & = a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + [(a + b + c + d)^2 - (a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2)]/2\\ & = [a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 + (a + b + c + d)^2]/2\\ & = [45 + 3^2]/2\\ & = \boxed{27} \end{aligned}

Which identity?

U Z - 6 years, 5 months ago

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