A geometry problem by A Former Brilliant Member

Geometry Level 3

Let m 2 m^2 be a constant real number such that x + y = 1 x+y=1 is tangent to the curve x 2 + y 2 = m 2 x^2 + y^2 =m^2 .

If the value of m 2 m^2 can be expressed as a b \dfrac ab , where a a and b b are coprime positive integers, find a + b a+b .


The answer is 3.

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1 solution

x 2 + y 2 = m 2 x^2+y^2=m^2 ( 1 ) \color{#20A900}(1)

x + y = 1 x+y=1 ( 2 ) \color{#20A900}(2)

So that the graphs of ( 1 ) \color{#20A900}(1) and ( 2 ) \color{#20A900}(2) are tangent to each other, the solutions of the system [ ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) ] [\color{#20A900}(1),\color{#20A900}(2)] must be identical.

Substitute y = 1 x y=1-x in ( 1 ) \color{#20A900}(1) .

x 2 + ( 1 x ) 2 = m 2 x^2 + (1-x)^2 = m^2

x 2 + 1 2 x + x 2 = m 2 x^2 +1-2x+x^2=m^2

2 x 2 2 x + 1 m 2 = 0 2x^2 - 2x + 1 - m^2 = 0 ( 3 ) \color{#20A900}(3)

Note that ( 3 ) \color{#20A900}(3) must have equal roots. Hence, the discriminant must be zero. \implies b 2 4 a c = 0 \boxed{b^2-4ac=0}

a = 2 a=2 , b = 2 b=-2 and c = 1 m 2 c=1-m^2

( 2 ) 2 4 ( 2 ) ( 1 m 2 ) = 0 (-2)^2-4(2)(1-m^2)=0

m 2 = 1 2 m^2=\frac{1}{2}

a + b = 1 + 2 = a+b=1+2= 3 \boxed{\color{#D61F06}\large3} a n s w e r \color{#69047E}answer

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