Find the number of 4-digit numbers (in base 10) having non-zero digits and which are divisible by 4 but not by 8.
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If we take any four consecutive even numbers and divide them by 8, we get remainders 0,2,4,6 in some order. Thus there is only one number of the form 8k+4 among them which is divisible by 4 but not by 8. Hence if we take four even consecutive numbers 1000a + 100b + 10c + 2, 1000a + 100b + 10c + 4, 1000a + 100b + 10c + 6, 1000a + 100b + 10c + 8, there is exactly one among these four which is divisible by 4 but not by 8. Now we can divide the set of all 4-digit even numbers with non-zero digits into groups of 4 such consecutive even numbers with a, b, c nonzero. And in each group, there is exactly one number which is divisible by 4 but not by 8. The number of such groups is precisely equal to 9 × 9 × 9 = 729, since we can vary a, b.c in the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}.