But that's huge!

Algebra Level 3

Find the coefficient of x 99 x^{99} in the following expansion:

( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 100 ) (x-1)(x-2)(x-3)(x-4)\cdots(x-100)

-5050 1 5050 5051

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2 solutions

Hung Woei Neoh
May 18, 2016

Notice that for a polynomial expansion of the form:

( x a 1 ) ( x a 2 ) ( x a 3 ) ( x a n ) = x n ( a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + + a n ) x n 1 + (x-a_1)(x-a_2)(x-a_3)\ldots(x-a_n) = x^n - (a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + \ldots + a_n)x^{n-1} + \ldots

The coefficient of the term with the second highest power will be ( a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + + a n ) -(a_1 + a_2 + a_3 + \ldots + a_n)

Don't believe? Try it with a few smaller polynomials.

( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) = x 2 x 2 x + 2 = x 2 ( 1 + 2 ) x + 2 ( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) = ( x 2 x 2 x + 2 ) ( x 3 ) = x 3 x 2 2 x 2 + 2 x 3 x 2 + 3 x + 6 x 6 = x 2 ( 1 + 2 + 3 ) x 2 + 11 x 6 (x-1)(x-2) = x^2 \color{#3D99F6}{- x - 2x} + 2 = x^2 \color{#3D99F6}{-(1+2)x} + 2\\ (x-1)(x-2)(x-3) = (x^2 - x - 2x + 2)(x - 3) = x^3 \color{#3D99F6}{ - x^2 - 2x^2} + 2x \color{#3D99F6}{- 3x^2} + 3x + 6x - 6 = x^2 \color{#3D99F6}{- (1+2+3)x^2} + 11x - 6

Therefore,

( x 1 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 3 ) ( x 100 ) = x 100 ( 1 + 2 + 3 + + 100 ) x 99 + (x-1)(x-2)(x-3) \ldots (x-100)\\ = x^{100} \color{#3D99F6}{-(1+2+3+ \ldots + 100)x^{99}} + \ldots

The coefficient of x 99 x^{99}

= ( 1 + 2 + 3 + + 100 ) = ( n = 1 100 n ) = ( 100 ( 101 ) 2 ) = ( 50 ) ( 101 ) = 5050 =-(1+2+3+\ldots+100)\\ =-\left(\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{100}n \right)\\ =-\left(\dfrac{100(101)}{2}\right)\\ =-(50)(101)\\ =\boxed{-5050}

Aradhya Kasera
Jul 25, 2019

We know that the coefficient of x^99 is just the sum of the roots. So, -b/a=1+2+3+...+100. The coefficient of x^100 is 1 so a is 1. Hence b=-5050

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