∣ z ∣ 2 + ∣ z − 3 ∣ 2 + ∣ z − 6 i ∣ 2
If z is a complex number, find one fifth the minimum value of the expression above.
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Since this is strictly an algebraic problem, can you solve it without resorting to calculus?
I did by both methods
Let z = x + y i . Then
χ = ∣ z ∣ 2 + ∣ z − 3 ∣ 2 + ∣ z − 6 i ∣ 2 = ∣ x + y i ∣ 2 + ∣ x − 3 + y i ∣ 2 + ∣ x + ( y − 6 ) i ∣ 2 = x 2 + y 2 + ( x − 3 ) 2 + y 2 + x 2 + ( y − 6 ) 2 = 3 x 2 + 3 y 2 − 6 x − 1 2 y + 4 5 = 3 ( ( x − 1 ) 2 + ( y − 2 ) 2 + 1 0 )
Note that χ > 0 and it is minimum when x = 1 and y = 2 . ⟹ χ m a x = 3 0 ⟹ 5 χ = 6
A simple solution based on Centre of Mass.Convert the given complex nos into a Cartesian system.Now at the three vertices place 3 masses(equal).Clearly the given eq suggests us to find a sort of Moment of Inertia of the system about a given axis.And clearly it's minimum when we choose the axis to be passing through the centre of mass of the system.And clearly for three particles places at ( x 1 , y 1 ) , ( x 2 , y 2 ) , ( x 3 , y 3 ) the centre of mass is ( x 1 + x 2 + x 3 / 3 , y 1 + y 2 + y 3 / 3 ) ....And this is nothing but the Centroid of the Triangle.Hence here the Centroid is ( 1 , 2 ) .Calculate the distances of the points ( 0 , 0 ) , ( 3 , 0 ) , ( 0 , 6 ) .And 0 . 2 ∗ 3 0 = 6 ....... A n s ...
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Take z = x + i y , then the expression becomes
f = x 2 + y 2 + ( x − 3 ) 2 + y 2 + x 2 + ( y − 6 ) 2 = 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 + ( x − 3 ) 2 + ( y − 6 ) 2
To find the minimum, we equate the partial derivatives of f w.r,t x and y to zero.
∂ x ∂ f = 4 x + 2 ( x − 3 ) = 0 ⟹ x = 1
and
∂ y ∂ f = 4 y + 2 ( y − 6 ) = 0 ⟹ y = 2
Thus, the minimum occurs at ( x , y ) = ( 1 , 2 )
Substituting for ( x , y ) in f , the minimum is 30. Hence, the required answer is 5 3 0 = 6