Think in trigo!

Geometry Level 3

\cot \left [ \sum_{n=1}^{23} \text{arccot} \left( 1 + \displaystyle \mathop{\; \sum}_{k=1}^n 2k \right) \right ] = \, ?

23 25 \frac{23}{25} 24 23 \frac{24}{23} 25 23 \frac{25}{23} 23 24 \frac{23}{24}

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2 solutions

Rishabh Jain
Jul 14, 2016

\mathfrak T=\cot \underbrace{\left [ \sum_{n=1}^{23} \text{arccot} \left( 1 + \displaystyle \mathop{\; \sum}_{k=1}^n 2k \right) \right ] }_{\color{#D61F06}{\mathfrak J}}

For J \color{#D61F06}{\mathfrak J} , use: ( 1 ) . r = 1 k r = ( k ( k + 1 ) 2 ) ( 2 ) . cot 1 x = tan 1 ( 1 x ) (1).~\displaystyle\sum_{r=1}^k r=\left(\dfrac{k(k+1)}{2}\right)\\ (2).~\cot^{-1}x=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac 1x\right) So that ,

J = ( n = 1 23 tan 1 ( 1 1 + n ( n + 1 ) ) ) \color{#D61F06}{\mathfrak J}=\left(\sum_{n=1}^{23}\tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{1}{1+n(n+1)}\right)\right)

= ( n = 1 23 tan 1 ( n + 1 ) tan 1 n ) =\left(\sum_{n=1}^{23}\tan^{-1}(n+1)-\tan^{-1}n\right)

A T e l e s c o p i c S e r i e s \mathbf{A~Telescopic ~Series}

= tan 1 ( 24 ) tan 1 1 = tan 1 ( 23 25 ) = cot 1 ( 25 23 ) =\tan^{-1}(24)-\tan^{-1} 1=\tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{23}{25}\right)=\cot^{-1}\left(\dfrac{25}{23}\right)

So,

T = cot J = 25 23 \mathfrak T=\cot \color{#D61F06}{\mathfrak J}=\boxed{\dfrac{25}{23}}

nicely written solution, upvoting it as i couldn't write it better!

Yadnesh Abhyankar - 4 years, 11 months ago

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No problem... You'll learn to write in Latex very soon if you keep typing solutions....

Rishabh Jain - 4 years, 11 months ago
Yadnesh Abhyankar
Jul 14, 2016

putting n=1 we get, cot [cot^(-1) (1+2)]

similarly, putting n as 3 we get cot [ cot^(-1) (3) + cot^(-1) (7) + cot^(-1) (13) ]

finally putting n =23, we get : cot [cot^(-1) (3) + cot^(-1) (7) +...............+cot^(-1) (553)]

we know that cot^(-1) (x) = tan^(-1) (1/x)

therefore above equation becomes

cot [ tan^(-1) (1/3) + .........(you got that)......+tan^(-1) (1/553)]

and we can write the following fractions as: 1/3 = (2-1)/(1+2 3) 1/7 = (3-2)/(1+3 2) 1/13 = (4-3)/(1+4 3) and so on till 1/553 = (24-23)/(1+24 23)

got the pattern!?!? wink

so tan^(-1) (b) - tan^(-1) (a) = tan^(-1) [(b-a)/(1+b*a)] implementing the above formula in the equation which we got earlier,.......(typing solutions is so tedious than solving it)

cot [ tan^(-1)(2) - tan^(-1) (1) +tan^(-1) (3) - tan^(-2) (2)+ tan^(-1) (4) - tan^(-1) (3)+ ..............+tan^(-1) (24) - tan^(-1) (23)]

so all other terms than ones containing 24 and 1get cancelled {I DON'T KNOW HOW TO DO THAT THINGY OF CANCELLATION} ok back to the problem

we get cot [tan^(-1) (24) - tan^(-1) (1)] which is equal to cot [ tan^(-1) (23/25)]

cot = 1/tan therefore cot [ tan^(-1) (23/25)] = 1/{tan[ tan^(-1) (23/25)]}

which gives us the answer 25/23.

STAY AWESOME

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