An end to Sine Law and Cosine Law? OK not really... but there is a better way!

Geometry Level pending

Consider a triangle A B C ABC with quadrances 16, 49, and 25. Determine the sum of the three spreads.

Quadrances are the square of the distances between vertices of the triangle. Spread gives one measure to the separation of two lines as a single dimensionless number in the range [0,1] (from parallel to perpendicular) for Euclidean geometry. It replaces the concept of angle but has several differences from angle, discussed in the section below. Spread can have several interpretations. Here is a helpful definition: Spread = sin 2 (angle) \text{Spread} = \sin^2 \text{(angle)} .

423/245 432/245 451/254 432/254

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1 solution

Marta Reece
Apr 24, 2017

The triangle has sides 4, 7, and 5. Law of cosines gives the cosines of the angles opposite these sides as 29 35 , 1 5 , \frac{29}{35}, -\frac{1}{5}, and 5 7 \frac{5}{7} respectively.

sin 2 α + sin 2 β + sin 2 γ = 3 cos 2 α cos 2 β cos 2 γ = 432 245 \sin^2\alpha+\sin^2\beta+\sin^2\gamma=3-\cos^2\alpha-\cos^2\beta-\cos^2\gamma=\frac{432}{245}

Hi Marta, thank you writing a solution to this problem. Now can you solve this problem without the use of sinusoidal functions? Look up Rational Trigonometry from Norman Wildberger, you will not be disappointed.

Peter Michael - 4 years, 1 month ago

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I did not actually use the trigonometric functions themselves, as I never obtained the relevant angles, only the relationships between the trigonometric functions.

Marta Reece - 4 years, 1 month ago

This is true. And I did provide that the square of the sinusoidal function was equal to the spread. I was hoping for use of the spread law or the cross law. And with a more polynomial solution. I should say that your solution is a good one. I will look for (or construct) other problems that make it more natural to avoid trigonometric functions.
I have nothing against them but as a teacher I would always rather have functions explicitly defined and not make use of relationship between functions that are not defined "up front" for the reader.

Once again, I hope you don't feel slighted by my comments. Thanks again for spending your time working through this problem and posting an elegant solution!

-Peter

Peter Michael - 4 years, 1 month ago

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