An Integral

Calculus Level 3

Consider the function f ( x ) = sec ( x ) f(x) = \sec(x) . If 0 π 6 f ( x ) d x = a \Large \int_{0}^{\frac{π}{6}}f(x) \ dx=a then find the value of e 2 a \large e^{2a} .

6 4 2 3 5

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3 solutions

\ I = 0 π 6 f ( x ) d x = 0 π 6 sec x d x Multiply up and down by sec x + tan x = 0 π 6 sec 2 x + sec x tan x sec x + tan x d x = ln ( sec x + tan x ) 0 π 6 = ln ( 2 3 + 1 3 ) ln ( 1 + 0 ) = ln 3 \begin{aligned} I & = \int_0^\frac \pi 6 f(x) \ dx \\ & = \int_0^\frac \pi 6 \sec x \ dx & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Multiply up and down by }\sec x + \tan x \\ & = \int_0^\frac \pi 6 \frac {\sec^2 x + \sec x \tan x}{\sec x + \tan x} dx \\ & = \ln (\sec x + \tan x) \bigg|_0^\frac \pi 6 \\ & = \ln \left(\frac 2{\sqrt 3} + \frac 1{\sqrt 3}\right) - \ln (1+0) \\ & = \ln \sqrt 3 \end{aligned}

e 2 a = e 2 ln 3 = e ln 3 = 3 \implies e^{2a} = e^{2\ln \sqrt 3} = e^{\ln 3} = \boxed{3}

Pepper Mint
Oct 8, 2017

William Allen
Jul 3, 2019

I = 0 π 6 sec x d x I=\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{6}} \sec x \, dx

Let t = tan ( x 2 ) cos x = 1 t 2 1 + t 2 d x = 2 d t 1 + t 2 t=\tan(\frac{x}{2}) \implies \cos x = \frac{1-t^2}{1+t^2} \implies dx=\frac{2 \, dt}{1+t^2}

Then I = 2 0 2 3 1 + t 2 ( 1 t 2 ) ( 1 + t 2 ) d t = 2 0 2 3 d t 1 t 2 I=2\displaystyle\int_{0}^{2-\sqrt{3}} \frac{1+t^2}{(1-t^2)(1+t^2)} \, dt = 2\displaystyle\int_{0}^{2-\sqrt{3}} \frac{dt}{1-t^2}

Use partial fractions for I = 0 2 3 1 t + 1 1 t 1 d t I=\displaystyle\int_{0}^{2-\sqrt{3}} \frac{1}{t+1} -\frac{1}{t-1}\,dt I = ln t + 1 t 1 0 2 3 = ln 3 \implies I= \displaystyle\left. \ln\displaystyle\left|\frac{t+1}{t-1}\displaystyle\right|\displaystyle\right|_{0}^{2-\sqrt{3}} = \ln\sqrt{3}

So 2 I = ln 3 e 2 I = e ln 3 = 3 2I=\ln3 \implies e^{2I}=e^{\ln3}=\boxed{3}

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