An integral with fractional part function

Calculus Level 5

0 1 { 1 x } 1 { 1 x } 3 d x 1 x \int_0^1 \sqrt[3]{\frac{\big\{\frac1x\big\}}{1-\big\{\frac1x\big\}}}\frac{dx}{1-x}

If the closed form of the value of the integral above can be expressed as a π k c d , \dfrac{a\pi^k}{c\sqrt{d}}, where a a and c c are coprime and d d is square-free, find a + k + c + d a+k+c+d .


Also, is it possible to find the following in a closed form?

0 1 { 1 x } 1 { 1 x } n d x 1 x \int_0^1 \sqrt[n]{\frac{\big\{\frac1x\big\}}{1-\big\{\frac1x\big\}}}\frac{dx}{1-x}


The answer is 7.

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2 solutions

Haroun Meghaichi
Jul 19, 2014

I'll take the general case, the integral is : I n = k = 1 k k + 1 1 x ( x 1 ) x k 1 + k x n d x = t = x k k = 1 0 1 t 1 t n ( 1 t + k 1 1 t + k ) d t I_n= \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\int_k^{k+1} \frac{1}{x(x-1)} \sqrt[n]{\frac{x-k}{1+k-x}} \ \mathrm{d}x \overset{t=x-k}{=} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\int_0^1 \sqrt[n] {\frac{t}{1-t}} \left(\frac{1}{t+k-1} - \frac{1}{t+k} \right) \ \mathrm{d}t Now, we interchange the sum integral (this is allowed by MCT since all summands are positive and the limit is integrable) to get : I n = 0 1 t 1 n 1 ( 1 t ) 1 n d t = B ( 1 n , 1 1 n ) I_n= \int_0^1 t^{\frac{1}{n} - 1 } (1-t)^{\frac{-1}{n}} \ \mathrm{d}t= \text{B}\left(\frac{1}{n}, 1- \frac{1}{n} \right) Where B \text{B} is the Beta function , now use the Beta-Gamma relation and the reflection formula to get : I n = Γ ( 1 n ) Γ ( 1 1 n ) = π csc ( π n ) I_n = \Gamma\left(\frac{1}{n} \right) \Gamma\left(1-\frac{1}{n} \right) = \boxed{\pi \csc \left(\frac{\pi}{n} \right)} In this case, n = 3 n=3 gives us 2 π 3 \frac{2\pi}{\sqrt{3}} , then the answer is 7 \boxed{7} .

Remark : There is more elegant methods to prove the reflection formula using real and/or complex analysis, try to prove it alone.

In general 0 1 f ( { 1 x } ) d x 1 x = 0 1 f ( x ) d x x \int_0^1f\left(\left\{\frac1x\right\}\right)\ \frac{dx}{1-x} = \int_0^1f(x)\ \frac{dx}{x} and 0 1 f ( { 1 x } ) d x 1 + x = 0 1 f ( x ) d x 1 + x . \int_0^1f\left(\left\{\frac1x\right\}\right)\ \frac{dx}{1+x} = \int_0^1f(x)\ \frac{dx}{1+x}.

Tunk-Fey Ariawan - 6 years, 10 months ago

Tiny error: it should be t = x - k in line 1, sorry for nitpicking. Also, the eventual answer is 7, not 3 :p

T B - 6 years, 10 months ago

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thank you.

Haroun Meghaichi - 6 years, 10 months ago

Nice solution! ¨ \ddot\smile

Karthik Kannan - 6 years, 10 months ago

brilliant !!!!!!!!!!!!

huge wolverine - 6 years, 10 months ago

This is the way to do it. Note that the sum telescopes leaving the integral if anybody didn't see how to get to line 2.

A Former Brilliant Member - 6 years, 10 months ago

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Yes, thank you.

Haroun Meghaichi - 6 years, 10 months ago

Can you p[lease explain the first part of the solution

Tejas Suresh - 6 years, 5 months ago
Sourabh Jangid
Nov 20, 2016

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