Does f ( x ) f(x) not matter?

Calculus Level 4

A strictly increasing and continuous function f ( x ) f(x) intersects with its inverse f 1 ( x ) f^{-1}(x) at points x = a x=a and x = b x=b , where a a and b b are integers.

If a b [ f ( x ) + f 1 ( x ) ] d x = 17 \displaystyle \int_a^b[f(x) + f^{-1}(x)] \, dx = 17 , find a × b |a \times b| .


The answer is 72.

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1 solution

Efren Medallo
Mar 25, 2017

Let us take note of this integral:

a b f ( x ) d x + f ( a ) f ( b ) f 1 ( x ) d x = b f ( b ) a f ( a ) \large \int_a^b f(x) dx + \int_{f(a)}^{f(b)} f^{-1}(x) dx = b f(b) - a f(a)

Well, it looks like this, graphically..

Now, the points ( a , f ( a ) ) (a, f(a)) and ( b , f ( b ) ) (b,f(b)) are, as stated in the problem, the intersections of the given function f ( x ) f(x) and its inverse f 1 ( x ) f^{-1}(x) . Since every function's inverse is its reflection over the line y = x y=x , the intersections are undoubtedly part of this line. This will mean that f ( a ) = a f(a)=a and f ( b ) = b f(b)=b .

So now we know what f ( a ) f(a) and f ( b ) f(b) are.. And that simplifies the above integral as

a b [ f ( x ) d x + f 1 ( x ) ] d x = b 2 a 2 \large \int_a^b [f(x) dx + f^{-1}(x) ]dx = b^2 - a^2

So now, we get this

b 2 a 2 = 17 b^2 - a^2 = 17

knowing that both a a and b b are integers, so should be the factors of b 2 a 2 b^2 - a^2 .

since 17 is prime, then...

( b a ) ( b + a ) = 17 (b-a)(b+a) = 17

can be broken down to a system such that

b a = 1 b-a = 1 b + a = 17 b+a = 17

or vice versa.. For this case, it will give us b = 9 b=9 and a = 8 a=8 , so that a × b = 72 |a \times b| = \boxed{72}

I think it is worth noting that a case where f(b)=a and f(a)=b is not possible since f(x) is strictly increasing. (Sorry for my bad English)

유용 공 - 2 years, 11 months ago

It is not always true that f(x) and f inverse (x) intersect on the line y=x.

Ankit Kumar Jain - 2 years, 10 months ago

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Prove to me otherwise for strictly increasing functions. y = x^3 is not strictly increasing

Vijay Simha - 1 year, 4 months ago

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