Hexadecimal (base-16) numbers are written using numeric digits through as well as the letters through to represent . Among the first positive integers, there are whose hexadecimal representation contains only numeric digits. What is the sum of the digits of ?
Source: 2015 AMC 10A
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We can see that 1 0 0 0 is 3 E 8 in hexadecimal. Using this, we can move forward by constructing numbers that consist of only numeric digits in hexadecimal. The first digit could be 0 , 1 , 2 or 3 , and the second two could be any digits from 0 ⟹ 9 , giving us a total of 4 × 1 0 × 1 0 = 4 0 0 combinations. However, this number of combinations also includes 0 0 0 , so the total number of combinations must be subtracted by 1 . Thus, there are 3 9 9 valid n corresponding to those 3 9 9 positive integers less than 1 0 0 0 that consist of only numeric digits. Since we are asked to find the sum of the digits, we can add [ 3 9 9 ] ⇒ 3 + 9 + 9 = 3 + 1 8 = 2 1 .