I'm thinking of a triangle where the area is numerically the same as the perimeter and in which the centroid , , and nine-point circle center, , both lie on the incircle, centered at . If is the length of the shortest side of the triangle, submit .
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So we can use s for the triangle's semiperimeter, let's define the shortest side to be a (which matches the diagram in the question).
All equable triangles (indeed, all equable tangential polygons) have inradius 2 ; just equate the area r s and the perimeter 2 s .
Now it's time to look up formulas for the distances between centres. In any triangle, the distance between the incentre I and the centre of the nine-point circle N is I N = 2 R − 2 r
The distance between the incentre and the centroid G is I G = 3 1 5 r 2 − 1 6 R r + s 2
In this case, we want r = I G = I N = 2 ; solving the above we get R = 8 , s = 4 1 7
By definition of s , we have a + b + c = 8 1 7 . Now, using 2 R r = a + b + c a b c we get a b c = 2 5 6 1 7
Equating area formulas, r s r 2 s = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) = ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) = s 3 − ( a + b + c ) s 2 + ( b c + c a + a b ) s − a b c = − s 3 + ( b c + c a + a b ) s − a b c
Rearranging, this gives b c + c a + a b = s r 2 s + s 3 + a b c = 3 4 0
So the sidelengths a , b , c are the roots of the cubic x 3 − 8 1 7 x 2 + 3 4 0 x − 2 5 6 1 7 = 0
I don't think this factorises nicely; numerically, the smallest root is 5 . 7 6 6 2 2 … giving the answer 5 7 6 6 2 2 .