An unusual trigonometry equation!

Geometry Level 5

Find the number of solutions to the equation tan ( 5 π cos θ ) = cot ( 5 π sin θ ) \tan { (5\pi \cos\theta )\quad } =\cot { (5\pi \sin\theta ) } for θ ϵ ( 0 , 2 π ) \theta \quad \epsilon \quad (0, 2\pi ) .


The answer is 28.

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3 solutions

Aman Rajput
Aug 6, 2015

We are given tan ( 5 π cos x ) = cot ( 5 π sin x ) \tan(5\pi\cos x)=\cot(5\pi\sin x)

Rewrite it as 1 tan ( 5 π cos x ) tan ( 5 π sin x ) = 0 1-\tan(5\pi\cos x)\tan(5\pi\sin x)=0

Using identity tan ( A + B ) ( 1 tan A tan B ) = tan A + tan B \tan(A+B)(1-\tan A \tan B)=\tan A + \tan B we get,

cot ( 5 π cos x + 5 π sin x ) = 0 \cot(5\pi\cos x + 5\pi\sin x) = 0

This on solving for the general solutions we will get

5 π ( cos x + sin x ) = ( 2 n + 1 ) π 2 5\pi(\cos x + \sin x) = (2n+1)\frac{\pi}{2} where n Z n \in Z

Or

cos x + sin x = 2 n + 1 10 \cos x + \sin x = \frac{2n+1}{10}

We know that, 2 sin x + cos x 2 -\sqrt{2} \leq \sin x + \cos x \leq \sqrt{2} which implies

2 2 n + 1 10 2 -\sqrt{2} \leq \frac{2n+1}{10} \leq \sqrt{2}

14.14 2 n + 1 14.14 -14.14 \leq 2n+1 \leq 14.14

7.5.. n 6.5.. -7.5.. \leq n \leq 6.5..

Since n Z n \in Z Therefore , there are 14 14 integral values of n n satisfying the above inequality.

And for each value of n n , we will want to solve the equation

cos x + sin x = a \cos x + \sin x = a for x ( 0 , 2 π ) x \in (0,2\pi) where a a will be obtained by putting different values of n n

Solving this we get 2 2 values of x x for the given interval ( 0 , 2 π ) (0,2\pi)

Total solutions = 14 × 2 = 2 14 \times 2 = \boxed{2}

Cool method. Congratulations.

Niranjan Khanderia - 5 years, 7 months ago

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thank you :)

Aman Rajput - 5 years, 7 months ago

tan(5 pi cos x)=tan (pi/2 - 5 pi sin x) this implies 5 pi cos x = n*pi + pi/2 - sin x

on rearranging, the equation becomes, sin(pi/4 + x) = 1/(5 sqrt(2))*(n+1/2)

max +ve value of n for which real x exist is 6 and min -ve value is -7.

For each value ,we get 2 solutions. Hence total no. of solutions = 14*2 = 28

Nice approach. Congratulations.

Niranjan Khanderia - 5 years, 7 months ago

Well this is not a good method but an alternate method by use of graphing calculator. The curve may be graphed in parts so to separate out asymptotes and intersection. In it-83 Plus I had plotted in intervals of 0.3. .........................0 - 0.3, 0.3 - 0.6,. . . 6 2 π 6 - 2*\pi .

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