another roots

Algebra Level 5

( x 2 + x + 4 ) 2 + 3 x ( x 2 + x + 4 ) + 2 x 2 = 0 \large (x^2 + x + 4)^2 + 3x(x^2 + x + 4)+2x^2=0

If α \alpha , β \beta , γ \gamma , and δ \delta are the roots to the equation above, find α + β + γ + δ |\alpha| + |{\beta}|+ |{\gamma}|+ |\delta| .


The answer is 8.

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2 solutions

Chew-Seong Cheong
Feb 24, 2017

( x 2 + x + 4 ) 2 + 3 x ( x 2 + x + 4 ) + 2 x 2 = 0 ( ( x 2 + x + 4 ) + 2 x ) ( ( x 2 + x + 4 ) + x ) = 0 ( x 2 + 3 x + 4 ) ( x 2 + 2 x + 4 ) = 0 \begin{aligned} (x^2+x+4)^2 + 3x (x^2+x+4) + 2x^2 & = 0 \\ \left((x^2+x+4) + 2x\right) \left((x^2+x+4) + x\right) & = 0 \\ \left(x^2+3x+4 \right) \left(x^2+2x+4 \right) & = 0 \\ \end{aligned}

{ x 2 + 3 x + 4 = 0 Let the roots be α , β x 2 + 2 x + 4 = 0 Let the roots be γ , δ \implies \begin{cases} x^2+3x+4 = 0 & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Let the roots be }\alpha, \beta \\ x^2+2x+4 = 0 & \small \color{#3D99F6} \text{Let the roots be }\gamma, \delta \end{cases}

Since the coefficients of the two equations are real and their roots are complex, the roots are conjugates. And we have:

{ α = β = α β = 4 = 2 γ = δ = γ δ = 4 = 2 \implies \begin{cases} |\alpha| = |\beta| = \sqrt{|\alpha \beta|} = \sqrt 4 = 2 \\ |\gamma| = |\delta| = \sqrt{|\gamma \delta|} = \sqrt 4 = 2 \end{cases}

α + β + γ + δ = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 \implies |\alpha| + |\beta| + |\gamma| + |\delta| = 2+2+2+2 = \boxed{8}

Exactly, this is a perfect solution. If you have time, also try my @inequalities in quadratics.

Rakshit Joshi - 4 years, 3 months ago

If we expand all terms and check number the change in sign from left to right then we find the change in sign to be zero.So the polynomial must have 4 negative roots( which is confirmed by checking number of change on sign in f(-x)).Then the answer is simply coefficient of negative of x^3 divided by coefficient of x^4 I.e, 5. Please comment where I am wrong!!

Koushik Sahu - 4 years, 3 months ago

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Descartes rule of change of sign implies that (the statement is not very rigorous) the number of negative roots cannot be more than the number of sign changes from left to right for f(-x).So, in this question, you simply get that it cannot have more than 4 negative roots, which is obviously true.Suppose, if there were two sign changes in f(-x), then that would have implied that it can atmost have two negative roots and not that it has exactly two negative roots.

Indraneel Mukhopadhyaya - 4 years, 3 months ago

Did the same way.

Niranjan Khanderia - 4 years, 3 months ago

@Chew-Seong Cheong -As coefficients of equations are real and roots are complex, they will be complex conjugates.

so we can say α = β = α β |\alpha|=|\beta|=\sqrt{|\alpha\beta|} .

thus we need to only find 2 α β + 2 γ δ 2\sqrt{|\alpha\beta|}+ 2\sqrt{|\gamma\delta|}

thus we need not find the roots directly :)

Anirudh Sreekumar - 4 years, 3 months ago

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Yes, you are right.

Chew-Seong Cheong - 4 years, 3 months ago

First let us find a formula for α |\alpha| if it is a complex root of a quadratic equation:-

For a quadratic equation a x 2 + b x + c = 0 ax^2+bx+c=0 with b 2 < 4 a c b^2<4ac , It will have complex roots given by x = b ± i 4 a c b 2 2 a x=\frac{-b\pm i\sqrt{4ac-b^2}}{2a}

Taking x |x| we have x = b 2 + 4 a c b 2 2 a = c a |x|=\frac{\sqrt{b^2+4ac-b^2}}{2a}=\sqrt{\frac{c}{a}}

Now , We see that if x 2 + x + 4 x^2+x+4 is replaced by y y then the equation becomes y 2 + 3 x y + 2 x 2 = 0 y^2+3xy+2x^2=0 Factorizing this equation, we get y 2 + 2 x y + x y + 2 x 2 = 0 y^2+2xy+xy+2x^2=0 y ( y + 2 x ) + x ( y + 2 x ) = 0 y(y+2x)+x(y+2x)=0 ( y + x ) ( y + 2 x ) = 0 (y+x)(y+2x)=0 Resubstituting y as x 2 + x + 4 x^2+x+4 ( x 2 + 2 x + 4 ) ( x 2 + 3 x + 4 ) (x^2+2x+4)(x^2+3x+4) For both quadratic equations, b 2 < 4 a c b^2<4ac so we have imaginary roots. We also see that for both equations, a = 1 a=1 and c = 4 c=4 .

Thus α = β = γ = δ = 4 1 = 2 |\alpha|=|\beta|=|\gamma|=|\delta|=\sqrt{\frac{4}{1}}=2

And answer is 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8 2+2+2+2=8

Wow ,its great to see your way of solving.

Rakshit Joshi - 4 years, 3 months ago

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