Anticipated 100 day streak problem

What is the average of all the first digits of all the powers of 1729 1729 in base 9 9 ?


The answer is 3.173.

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1 solution

Manuel Kahayon
Mar 30, 2016

Let { x } \{x\} denote the fractional part of x, and x \lfloor x \rfloor denote the floor function of x.

So, the first digit of 172 9 a 1729^a in base 9 is equal to 9 { a l o g 9 1729 } \lfloor 9^{\{a log_9 1729\}} \rfloor

Now, let us concentrate on { a l o g 9 1729 } \{a log_9 1729\} . Since a a ranges from 1 to infinity (all powers of 1729 means that a ranges from one to infinity), { a l o g 9 1729 } \{a log_9 1729\} has equal probability of being any number between [ 0 , 1 ) [0,1) .

Now, since p r o b a b i l i t y = n u m b e r o f a p p e a r a n c e s o f c a s e n u m b e r o f c a s e s probability = \frac{number of appearances of case}{number of cases} and m e a n = ( n u m b e r ) ( n u m b e r o f a p p e a r a n c e s o f n u m b e r ) n u m b e r o f c a s e s mean = \frac{(number)*(number of appearances of number)}{number of cases} , we can conclude that m e a n = ( n u m b e r ) ( p r o b a b i l i t y o f t h a t n o . b e i n g s e l e c t e d ) mean = (number)*(probability of that no. being selected)

So, if 0 { a l o g 9 1729 } < l o g 9 2 0 \leq \{a log_9 1729\} < log _9 2 , then the first digit is 1. So the probability that the first digit is 1 is l o g 9 2 0 = l o g 9 2 log _9 2 - 0 = log_9 2

Similarly, if l o g 9 2 { a l o g 9 1729 } < l o g 9 3 log _9 2 \leq \{a log_9 1729\} < log _9 3 , then the first digit is 2, So, the probability that the first digit is 2 is l o g 9 3 l o g 9 2 = l o g 9 3 2 log_9 3- log _9 2 = log_9 \frac{3}{2}

Continuing on, we get that the probability of n n as the first digit is l o g 9 n + 1 n log_9 \frac{n+1}{n}

By the formula for the mean stated above, we get our probability as i = 1 8 ( i l o g 9 i + 1 i ) \sum_{i=1}^8 (i* log_9 \frac{i+1}{i})

By a calculator, we get our answer as 3.173 \boxed{3.173}

This is basically an extension of Benford's law

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