Arbrakaboom

Martin the mathemagician says he knows how to read your mind. He invites your to do the following:

Think of an odd number.
Square this number.
Multiply the result by 5.

He says he knows what the remainder is when we divide the final result by 10. What is the remainder?


The answer is 5.

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18 solutions

Jubayer Nirjhor
Dec 8, 2013

Note that odd integers are of the form 2 k 1 { k Z } 2k-1 ~\left\{k\in \mathbb{Z}\right\} ... According to the question, we have the following...

5 ( 2 k 1 ) 2 = 5 ( 4 k 2 4 k + 1 ) = 20 k 2 20 k + 5 5 ( m o d 10 ) 5(2k-1)^2 = 5(4k^2-4k+1)=20k^2-20k+5\equiv 5 \pmod{10}

Hence, the remainder is: 5 \boxed{5}

want clear explanation

RAJEEV BOMMU - 7 years, 5 months ago
Jubayer Nirjhor
Dec 14, 2013

The general form of an odd number, for some k N k\in\mathbb{N} , is 2 k 1 2k-1 , According to the question, we have...

5 ( 2 k 1 ) 2 = 5 ( 4 k 2 4 k + 1 ) = 20 k 2 20 k + 5 5 ( m o d 10 ) 5(2k-1)^2=5(4k^2-4k+1)=20k^2-20k+5\equiv \fbox{5} \pmod{10}

very well !! very nice solution !!

Devesh Rai - 7 years, 6 months ago

a square of an odd number is an odd number.. when an odd number multiply by 5, the last digit is 5.. therefore 5 is the remainder when divided by 10

Ajay Maity
Dec 8, 2013

There's an interesting observation here. Before that, just note that you concentrate only on the units place of the result, because the result is the remainder when the number is divided by 10.

Property - Any number "123465734" when divided by 10, the remainder is its unit's place digit, i.e. 4

Coming to the problem, any odd number ends with 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 (here, I am concerned only with the unit's place). This number when squared yields the number with unit's place 1, 9, 5, 9, 1. 1 2 = 1 , 3 2 = 9 , 5 2 = 25 , 7 2 = 49 , 9 2 = 81 1^{2} = 1, 3^{2} = 9, 5^{2} = 25, 7^{2} = 49, 9^{2} = 81

The resultant when multiplied with 5 yields the number with unit's place 5, 5, 5, 5, 5. 1 5 = 5 , 9 5 = 45 , 5 5 = 25 , 9 5 = 45 , 1 5 = 5 1 * 5 = 5, 9 * 5 = 45, 5 * 5 = 25, 9 * 5 = 45, 1 * 5 = 5

Hence, the result is 5 \boxed{5}

In Summary: Odd number squared = odd number. Odd number times five has a unit's place digit of 5. Said number, when divided by 10, leaves a remainder of 5.

Kaleil Salomon -Jacob - 7 years, 6 months ago

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Ya :D

Ajay Maity - 7 years, 6 months ago

But at last the answer should be multiplied by 10 to get the remainder., whereas you didn't do that.. please explain.

Saqib Munir - 7 years, 6 months ago

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Read the question carefully !! It says that the answer should be divided by 10, not multiplied by 10.

Prasun Biswas - 7 years, 6 months ago

As I said, any number divided by 10 yields the unit's place digit. Here I am already considering unit's place of the result everytime, so that's why I did not divide the final result by 10.

And just note, that it is not simply division. It is the remainder after division.

Ajay Maity - 7 years, 6 months ago
Lakshmi Tumati
Jan 4, 2014

You can just follow the steps Martin tells you to, and see what the remainder is in your answer. The correct answer is 5.

Muhammad Naeem
Dec 12, 2013

it's general question e.g you think odd number i:e 7,square of 7 is 49, again by given condition that multiply by 5, the ans; is 245, at last given condition divide by 10. the reminder is 5...mathetically 7 => (7)^2 = 49 => 49*5 = 245 => 245/10 = 24.5 => 5 is reminder

waaaaahhh thats good

Tayyab Gohar - 7 years, 6 months ago
Emily Peng
Oct 25, 2019

We are told to think of an odd number. Then we are told to square it. When squaring odd numbers, we will always get an odd product. When we multiply it by 5, we get a number ending in 5 (as any odd number *5 ends in 5). When we divide by 10, the remainder is the digit in the ones' place: which will always be 5 here.

Iranna Hubballi
Mar 19, 2014

The final answer is 5

Mohammad Fiyaz
Jan 27, 2014

if you multiply 5 with any odd number's square

the unit digit of the result would always be 5

and we know that 10 is not divisible of any odd number's square

therefore dividing the final result by 10 will always get remainder 5.

Bailey Foster
Jan 6, 2014

I did 3 and 3 squared is 9 and 9 times 5 is 45 and 45 divided by 10 is 4 remainder 5

Andrew Tiu
Dec 18, 2013

I'm not entirely sure this problem really requires any work? Correct me if I'm wrong. I picked 3 as my odd number. So 3^{2} = 9, 9 * % = 45, and 45 % 10 = 5

Abdul from Malaysia has a nice solution that I probably should have used.

Andrew Tiu - 7 years, 5 months ago
Shuhhank Saxena
Dec 17, 2013

Any value can be put in odd number and tried to get the answer!!!!

Ajinkya Bokade
Dec 15, 2013

THE SQUARE OF AN ODD NUMBER ENDS WITH 1, 5, 9. THEREFORE THE UNITS DIGIT OF THE SQUARE OF AN ODD NUMBER MULTIPLIED BY 5 IS ALWAYS 5 (1 5=5, 5 5=25, 9*5=45). THEREFORE THE REMAINDER WHEN DIVIDED BY 10 IS THE UNITS DIGIT THAT IS 5. THEREFORE THE REMAINDER IS 5.

Morgan Dang
Dec 15, 2013

Now, it's easy to just abuse the fact that you know that the remainder is the same for all odd numbers and see that 5 × 1 2 = 5 5 ( m o d 10 ) 5 \times 1^2 = 5 \equiv \boxed{5} \pmod{10} .

But if that cheesy solution isn't satisfying, it doesn't get much harder. We just do the operations as stated:

5 ( 2 k + 1 ) 2 = 5 ( 4 k 2 + 4 k + 1 ) = 10 × 2 k 2 + 10 × 2 k + 5 5 ( m o d 10 ) 5(2k+1)^2 = 5(4k^2+4k+1) = 10 \times 2k^2+10 \times 2k+5 \equiv \boxed{5} \pmod{10} .

25/10=2.5

since it is an odd number then its square is also odd so its reminder by 2 is 1 so the reminder of 5 times of it when divided by 5 times of two is 5 times of 1 so equals 5

Aarão Ramos
Dec 14, 2013

3²=9.5=45/10=Resposta 4 resto 5

Rohan Sharma
Dec 10, 2013

least odd no. is 3 so on squaring we get 9 and on multiplying by 5 the no. is 45 when it is divided by 10 remainder is 5

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