Arctangent over sine, how do you even integrate this??

Calculus Level 4

Evaluate: 0 π / 4 arctan ( 5 sin ( 2 x ) ) 3 sin ( 2 x ) d x \int_0^{\pi/4} \frac{\arctan(5\sin(2x))}{3\sin(2x)}\,dx

Please refrain from using W|A or any other equivalent softwares.


The answer is 0.605395.

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1 solution

Jatin Yadav
May 17, 2014

Put 2 x = t 2x=t to transform the integral to 1 6 0 π / 2 arctan ( 5 sin t ) sin t d t \displaystyle \dfrac{1}{6} \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \dfrac{\arctan(5 \sin t)}{\sin t } dt

Define I ( n ) = 0 π / 2 arctan ( n sin t ) sin t d t I(n) = \displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \dfrac{\arctan (n \sin t)}{\sin t} dt

Derivating with respect to n n ,

I ( n ) = 0 π / 2 1 1 + n 2 sin 2 t d t I'(n) = \displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \dfrac{1}{1+n^2 \sin^2t} dt

= 1 n 2 + 1 0 π / 2 sec 2 t d t tan 2 t + 1 n 2 + 1 \frac{1}{n^2+1} \displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \dfrac{\sec^2 t dt}{\tan^2 t + \frac{1}{n^2+1}}

Put tan t = z \tan t = z to get, and use d x x 2 + a 2 = 1 a arctan ( x / a ) \displaystyle \int \dfrac{dx}{x^2+a^2} = \dfrac{1}{a} \arctan(x/a) to get

I ( n ) = π 2 n 2 + 1 I'(n) = \dfrac{\pi}{2 \sqrt{n^2+1}}

Now, integrate both sides with respect to n n to get

I ( n ) = π 2 ln ( n + n 2 + 1 ) + c I(n) = \frac{\pi}{2} \ln(n+\sqrt{n^2+1}) + c

As I ( 0 ) = 0 π / 2 arctan ( 0 sin t ) sin t d t = 0 π / 2 0 d t = 0 I(0) = \displaystyle \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \dfrac{\arctan (0 \sin t)}{\sin t} dt = \int_{0}^{\pi/2} 0 dt = 0 , we get c = 0 c = 0 .

Hence, I ( n ) = π 2 ln ( n + n 2 + 1 ) I(n) = \frac{\pi}{2} \ln \bigg(n+\sqrt{n^2+1}\bigg)

Replace n = 5 n=5 and divide by 6 to get the answer.

Excellent and that is exactly my intended solution! :)

Pranav Arora - 7 years ago

I saw that method before. On which book or reference do I can get an explanation of the derivative of that function respect n? :) Thanks

Carlos David Nexans - 6 years, 10 months ago

exactly same way!! thanks to Pranav Arora , I learned this method when I read his solution in this note , it was fantastic!!

Hasan Kassim - 6 years, 9 months ago

if 2x=t;then limits would change?

Kativarapu Parthiv - 7 years ago

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They would and they do.

Ivan Sekovanić - 7 years ago

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