Are you good at summation

Algebra Level 5

n = 1 25 1 n ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) ( n + 5 ) \large \sum_{n=1}^{25}\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)(n+4)(n+5)} If M M denote the value of the summation above, with M = a b M = \frac a b for coprime positive integers, find a + b a+b .


The answer is 17129221.

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3 solutions

Prasun Biswas
May 2, 2015

Here's somewhat of a generalization to the problem:

Consider a generalized version of this sum as M \mathcal{M} where a , b , δ 1 , δ 2 Z a,b,\delta_1,\delta_2\in\Bbb{Z} such that δ 1 δ 2 \delta_1\neq \delta_2 .

Also, consider that ( n + i ) 0 i , n δ 1 i δ 2 a n b (n+i)\neq 0~\forall~i,n\mid \delta_1\leq i\leq \delta_2~\land~a\leq n\leq b . Then,

M = n = a b ( 1 i = δ 1 δ 2 ( n + i ) ) = 1 δ 2 δ 1 n = a b ( 1 i = δ 1 δ 2 1 ( n + i ) 1 i = δ 1 + 1 δ 2 ( n + i ) ) \large\mathcal{M}=\sum_{n=a}^b\left(\frac{1}{\displaystyle\prod_{i=\delta_1}^{\delta_2}(n+i)}\right)=\frac{1}{\delta_2-\delta_1}\cdot\sum_{n=a}^b\left(\frac{1}{\displaystyle\prod_{i=\delta_1}^{\delta_2-1}(n+i)}-\frac{1}{\displaystyle\prod_{i=\delta_1+1}^{\delta_2}(n+i)}\right)

By telescopy, the sum evaluates to,

M = 1 δ 2 δ 1 ( 1 i = δ 1 δ 2 1 ( a + i ) 1 i = δ 1 + 1 δ 2 ( b + i ) ) = 1 δ 2 δ 1 ( 1 i = a + δ 1 a + δ 2 1 ( i ) 1 i = b + δ 1 + 1 b + δ 2 ( i ) ) \large\mathcal{M}=\frac{1}{\delta_2-\delta_1}\left(\frac{1}{\displaystyle\prod_{i=\delta_1}^{\delta_2-1}(a+i)}-\frac{1}{\displaystyle\prod_{i=\delta_1+1}^{\delta_2}(b+i)}\right)=\frac{1}{\delta_2-\delta_1}\left(\frac{1}{\displaystyle\prod_{i=a+\delta_1}^{a+\delta_2-1}(i)}-\frac{1}{\displaystyle\prod_{i=b+\delta_1+1}^{b+\delta_2}(i)}\right)

When factorial notation is defined, it can be rewritten as,

M = 1 δ 2 δ 1 ( ( a + δ 1 1 ) ! ( a + δ 2 1 ) ! ( b + δ 1 ) ! ( b + δ 2 ) ! ) \mathcal{M}=\frac{1}{\delta_2-\delta_1}\left(\frac{(a+\delta_1-1)!}{(a+\delta_2-1)!}-\frac{(b+\delta_1)!}{(b+\delta_2)!}\right)

Otherwise, we simply use the normal form (product form) obtained earlier instead of the factorial notation.


For the problem here, plug in a = 1 , b = 25 , δ 1 = 0 , δ 2 = 5 a=1,~b=25,~\delta_1=0,~\delta_2=5 which satisfies all of the presumed conditions of our generalization. So, it gives, for the problem here,

M = 1 5 0 ( 0 ! 5 ! 25 ! 30 ! ) = 28501 17100720 \mathcal{M}=\frac{1}{5-0}\left(\frac{0!}{5!}-\frac{25!}{30!}\right)=\frac{28501}{17100720}

Moderator note:

Though longer than the intended solution, you have managed to generalize this. Magnificent work!

OMG... @Prasun Biswas I must say u really need Sleep. Hats off!

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Well, this solution proves that I have no real life. Because I'm always hooked up to my computer screen.

Prasun Biswas - 6 years, 1 month ago

@Prasun Biswas

That is a nice solution.

P.S. Please edit the second last line to 1 δ 2 δ 1 \frac{1}{\delta_2-\delta_1} .

Soumava Pal - 5 years, 2 months ago

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Hmm, I didn't notice that typo before. Good catch! I've made the appropriate edits.

Prasun Biswas - 5 years, 2 months ago

@Prasun Biswas , we really liked your comment, and have converted it into a solution. If you subscribe to this solution, you will receive notifications about future comments.

Brilliant Mathematics Staff - 6 years, 1 month ago

I must say this -

W O W ! ! \huge \color{#D61F06}{\mathbb{W}}\color{#3D99F6}{\mathbb{O}}\color{#20A900}{\mathbb{W}}!!

Akshat Sharda - 5 years, 8 months ago
Nihar Mahajan
May 2, 2015

M = n = 1 25 1 ( n ) ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) ( n + 5 ) M = \sum_{n=1}^{25}\dfrac{1}{(n)(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)(n+4)(n+5)}

The given summation can be written as telescopic :

M = 1 5 n = 1 25 1 ( n ) ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) 1 ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) ( n + 5 ) 5 M = 1 ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) 1 ( 26 ) ( 27 ) ( 28 ) ( 29 ) ( 30 ) 5 M = 1 120 1 17100720 M = 28501 17100720 M =\color{#D61F06}{\frac{1}{5}}\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{25} \frac{1}{(n)(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)(n+4)} - \frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)(n+4)(n+5)} \\ 5M= \frac{1}{(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)} - \frac{1}{(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)} \\ 5M= \dfrac{1}{120} - \frac{1}{17100720} \\ \Rightarrow M = \frac{28501}{17100720}

Hence , a + b = 28501 + 17100720 = 17129221 a+b = 28501+17100720 = \Large\boxed{17129221} .

Moderator note:

Nice use of telescoping sum. I see that you're improving. Keep up the good work!

@Nihar Mahajan , we have copied your solution from your report to here. If you subscribe to this solution, you will receive notifications about future comments.

Brilliant Mathematics Staff - 6 years, 1 month ago

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Thanks Sir/Madam.

Nihar Mahajan - 6 years, 1 month ago

I did it by converting it into partial fractions (thanks to Vedic Mathematics), it was still very long.😀

Akshay Yadav - 5 years, 8 months ago

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I don't think so.

Akshat Sharda - 5 years, 8 months ago
Shivam Jadhav
May 2, 2015

Write 5 M = 1 ( n ) ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) 1 ( n + 1 ) ( n + 2 ) ( n + 3 ) ( n + 4 ) ( n + 5 ) 5M = \frac{1}{(n)(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)(n+4)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)(n+4)(n+5)} . When we write few terms, terms began to cancel each other out and we get 5 M = 1 120 1 ( 26 ) ( 27 ) ( 28 ) ( 29 ) ( 30 ) 5M=\frac{1}{120}-\frac{1}{(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)} And M = 28501 17100720 M=\frac{28501}{17100720} Therefore A + B = 17129221 \boxed{A+B =17129221} .

Moderator note:

As Nihar Mahajan has pointed out, you've made an error in your working.

I edited the solution

Shivam Jadhav - 6 years, 1 month ago

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