Two circles of radius 5 units touch each other at (1,2).If equation of their common tangent is ,then the centres of the two circles are:
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Let the centers of the circles to the left and right of 4 x + 3 y = 1 0 be P ( a , b ) and Q ( c , d ) , respectively.
Since the tangent line has slope − 3 4 the line P Q lies on has slope 4 3 . Now the point of tangency of the two circles will be the midpoint of P Q , so
2 a + c = 1 ⟹ c = 2 − a and
2 b + d = 2 ⟹ d = 4 − b .
Next, since P Q has slope 4 3 and length 1 0 , P Q serves as the hypotenuse of a 6 / 8 / 1 0 right triangle, with
c − a = 8 ⟹ c = a + 8 and
d − b = 6 ⟹ d = b + 6 .
Comparing these two sets of results, we have that
2 − a = a + 8 ⟹ a = − 3 and
4 − b = b + 6 ⟹ b = − 1 .
This in turn gives us c = − 3 + 8 = 5 and d = − 1 + 6 = 5 .
Thus the centers of the two circles are ( 5 , 5 ) , ( − 3 , − 1 ) .
Alternately, we could use vectors. The unit vector representing the line on which P Q lies is u = 3 2 + 4 2 < 4 , 3 > = < 5 4 , 5 3 > , and so
( a , b ) = ( 1 , 2 ) − 5 u = ( − 3 , − 1 ) and ( c , d ) = ( 1 , 2 ) + 5 u = ( 5 , 5 ) .