Find the area of the polar region R = { ( r , θ ) ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ( 0 ≤ r ≤ cos ( 3 2 0 2 1 θ ) or cos ( 3 2 0 2 1 θ ) ≤ r ≤ 0 ) and − 2 3 π ≤ θ ≤ 2 3 π } . Round your answer to two decimal places.
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We are going to solve this problem in a more general context. Assume that in the definition of R we replace 2021 by a number of the form 2 n − 1 , where n > 2 and 2 n − 1 is not a multiple of 3. Then the region R is going to be the region bounded by the rose defined by r = cos ( 3 2 n − 1 θ ) . Under the assumptions made before that 2 n − 1 must be an odd number greater than or equal to 5 and not a multiple of 3, the rose will have 2 n − 1 identical petals. Additionally, the whole curve is traced when − 2 3 π ≤ θ ≤ − 2 3 π , and two contiguous petals overlap.
For example, we include below the graph of r = cos 3 5 θ To avoid overlapping, we can consider the whole region enclosed by the rose as the union of 2 n − 1 non-overlapping subregions of the form given by the following picture
Then the area of the region R enclosed by the rose is A = ( 2 n − 1 ) ∗ 2 1 ∫ − 2 n − 1 π 2 n − 1 π cos 2 ( 3 2 n − 1 θ ) d θ = 8 3 3 + 2 π . The result that we have obtained does not depend on n , therefore, this will be the area of R in the case that 2 n − 1 = 2 0 2 1 . Then the answer is 2 . 2 2 .