In the above semicircle, chords and have lengths and respectively.
If the area of the shaded region above can be expressed as
, where and are coprime positive integers, find .
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Using the above diagram 2 ( 1 8 0 − 2 θ ) + λ = 1 8 0 ⟹ λ = 4 θ − 1 8 0 ⟹
m = 1 8 0 − 2 θ .
For △ A O B using the law of cosines we have:
3 6 = 2 r 2 ( 1 − cos ( 1 8 0 − 2 θ ) ) ⟹ 1 8 = r 2 ( 1 + cos ( 2 θ ) ) ⟹ r 2 = 1 + cos ( 2 θ ) 1 8
and
for △ C O D using the law of cosines we have:
1 9 6 − 2 r 2 ( 1 + cos ( 4 θ ) ) ⟹ 4 9 = r 2 ( cos 2 ( 2 θ ) ) ⟹
4 9 + 4 9 cos ( 2 θ ) = 1 8 cos 2 ( 2 θ ) ⟹ 1 8 cos 2 ( θ ) − 4 9 cos ( 2 θ ) − 4 9 = 0 ⟹
cos ( 2 θ ) = 2 4 9 ± 7 7 and ∣ cos ( u ) ∣ ≤ 1 ⟹ cos ( 2 θ ) = − 9 7
⟹ r 2 = 1 − 9 7 1 8 = 8 1 ⟹ r = 9 .
Let h be the height of △ C O D ⟹ h = 8 1 − 4 9 = 3 2 = 4 2 ⟹ A △ C O D = 2 8 2
From above cos ( 2 θ ) = − 9 7 ⟹
The area of sector C O D is A ∗ = 2 1 ( 4 θ − π ) 8 1 = 2 8 1 ( 2 arccos ( − 9 7 ) − π ) = 8 1 ( arccos ( − 9 7 ) − 2 π )
⟹
The desired area is A = A ∗ − A △ C O D = 8 1 ( arccos ( − 9 7 ) − 2 π ) − 2 8 2 =
9 2 ( arccos ( − 9 7 ) − 2 π ) − 2 8 2 = a b ( arccos ( − a c ) − b π ) − d b ⟹
a + b + c + d = 4 6 .