In the diagram above, P is the center of the circle. If the area of the shaded region can be represented as b a π − b c , where a , b and c are coprime positive integers, find a + b + c .
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Let the radius of the circle be r and the angle ∠ P B C be α . Then
2 r cos ( 3 0 ° + α ) = 1 0 ⟹ r ( 3 cos α − sin α ) = 1 0
2 r cos ( 3 0 ° − α ) = 1 2 ⟹ r ( 3 cos α + sin α ) = 1 2
From these we get r 2 = 3 1 2 4 , tan α = 1 1 3 .
Hence tan ( 3 0 ° − α ) = 3 3 2 and tan ( 3 0 ° + α ) = 5 3 7 .
Total area of bottom two regions is 2 × ( 6 π r 2 − 4 3 r 2 ) = 3 π r 2 − 2 3 r 2 = 3 π r 2 − 3 6 2 .
Area of top left region is 2 r 2 ( 3 2 π − 2 α ) − 2 5 tan ( 3 0 ° + α ) .
Area of top right region is 2 r 2 ( 3 2 π + 2 α ) − 3 6 tan ( 3 0 ° − α ) .
Sum of these two is 3 2 π r 2 − 3 5 9 .
Therefore the total area is π r 2 − 3 1 2 1 = 3 1 2 4 π − 3 1 2 1 .
So a = 1 2 4 , b = 3 , c = 1 2 1 and a + b + c = 2 4 8 .
m ∠ A B C = 3 0 ∘ = m ∠ C B D ⟹ m ( A C ⌢ ) = 6 0 ∘ = m ( C D ⌢ ) ⟹ A C ≅ C D .
⟹ 1 0 0 + x 2 − 1 0 3 x = 1 4 4 + x 2 − 1 2 3 x ⟹ 2 3 x = 4 4 ⟹ x = 3 2 2 .
h 1 = 1 0 sin ( 3 0 ∘ ) = 5 and h 2 = 1 2 sin ( 3 0 ∘ ) = 6 ⟹ A 1 = 2 1 ( 3 2 2 ) ( 5 ) = 3 5 5 and
A 2 = 3 6 6 ⟹ A T = A 1 + A 2 = 3 1 2 1 .
Assigning coordinates we have:
r 2 = x 0 2 + ( y 0 − 5 3 ) 2
r 2 = x 0 2 + ( y 0 + 3 7 ) 2
⟹ 3 4 4 y 0 = 3 1 7 6 ⟹ y 0 = 3 4
and
r 2 = ( x 0 − 6 ) 2 + ( y 0 + 3 ) 2
r 2 = x 0 2 + ( y 0 + 3 7 ) 2
using y 0 = 3 4 ⟹
x 0 2 − 1 2 x 0 + 3 6 + 3 4 9 = r 2
x 0 2 + 3 1 2 1 = r 2
⟹ − 1 2 x 0 + 1 2 = 0 ⟹ x 0 = 1 ⟹ P ( 1 , 3 4 ) ⟹ r 2 = 3 1 2 1 + 1 = 3 1 2 4
⟹ r = 2 3 3 1 ⟹ Area of the circle A c = 3 1 2 4 π and A T = 3 1 2 1 ⟹
The desired shaded area A = A c − A T = 3 1 2 4 π − 3 1 2 1 = b a π − b c ⟹
a + b + c = 2 4 8
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Since A B D C is a cyclic quadrilateral , ∠ A D C = ∠ A B C = 3 0 ∘ and ∠ C A D = ∠ C B D = 3 0 ∘ , therefore △ A C D is isosceles and A C = C D = a . Also the angle at the center is twice at at the circumference, then ∠ A P D = 2 ∠ A B C = 1 2 0 ∘ , therefore △ A P D is an isosceles triangle congruent to △ A C D , implying that the radius of the circle is a .
To find a , we note that A D = 2 a cos 3 0 ∘ = 3 a . By cosine rule ,
( 3 a ) 2 3 a 2 ⟹ a = 1 0 2 + 1 2 2 − 2 ( 1 0 ) ( 1 2 ) cos 6 0 ∘ = 1 2 4 = 2 3 3 1
Area of the shaded region is given by:
A = A ◯ − A △ A B D − A △ A C D = π a 2 − 2 1 ( 1 0 ) ( 1 2 ) sin 6 0 ∘ − 2 1 a 2 sin 1 2 0 ∘ = 3 1 2 4 π − 3 0 3 − 3 3 1 3 = 3 1 2 4 π − 3 1 2 1
Therefore a + b + c = 1 2 4 + 3 + 1 2 1 = 2 4 8 .