A right circular solid cone has a height of and a circular base of radius . It is cut by a plane that is parallel to the its axis and a distance of from it. What is the area of the cut ?
If the area can be expressed as , where are positive integers, find the sum
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First we note that the semi-vertical angle is 4 5 ∘ . If the base of the cone is placed on the x y plane, with the center of the base at the origin, then the equation of the cone is
x 2 + y 2 − ( z − 1 0 ) 2 = 0
Now, if we cut it by the plane x = 5 , then
y 2 − ( z − 1 0 ) 2 = − 2 5
or
( z − 1 0 ) 2 / 2 5 − y 2 / 2 5 = 1
which is a hyperbola. Solving for z,
z = 1 0 − 2 5 + y 2
when z = 0 , we have y = ± 5 3
By direct integration, and using symmetry, we arrive at,
Area = 2 ∫ 0 5 3 1 0 − 2 5 + y 2 d y
by using trigonometric substitution, let y = 5 tan t , then d y = 5 sec 2 t d t
and the integral becomes,
Area = 2 [ 1 0 ( 5 3 ) − ∫ 0 3 π 2 5 sec 3 t d t ]
from the integration tables, we have, ∫ sec 3 t d t = 2 1 sec t tan t + 2 1 ln ∣ sec t + tan t ∣
hence,
Area = 2 [ 5 0 3 − 2 5 / 2 ( 2 3 − 0 + ln ( 2 + 3 ) ]
= 1 0 0 3 − 5 0 3 − 2 5 ln ( 2 + 3 )
= 5 0 3 − 2 5 ln ( 2 + 3 )
= 5 2 ( 2 3 − ln ( 2 + 3 ) )
And we deduce, that a = 5 , b = 2 , c = 3 , which makes the answer 1 0