Area on my Valentine!

Geometry Level 3

In the heart curve x 2 + ( 5 y 4 x ) 2 = 1 x^2 + \left(\dfrac{5y}{4} - \sqrt{|x|}\right)^2 = 1 above, A B \overline{\rm AB} goes from the positive y y intercept to the positive x x intercept and A C \overline{\rm AC} goes from the positive y y intercept to the negative x x intercept and points A , B , C , D A,B,C,D encloses the region R R .

If the area A R A_{R} of the region R R of the heart curve x 2 + ( 5 y 4 x ) 2 = 1 x^2 + \left(\dfrac{5y}{4} - \sqrt{|x|}\right)^2 = 1 can be expressed as A R = a 2 b ( arcsin ( ϕ 1 ) 1 c ( ϕ 1 ) c / a + ( ϕ 1 ) ) A_{R} = \dfrac{a^2}{b}\left(\arcsin(\phi - 1) - \dfrac{1}{c}(\phi - 1)^{c/a} + (\phi - 1)\right) , where a a , b b and c c are coprime positive integers and ϕ \phi is the golden ratio, find a + b + c a + b + c .


The answer is 10.

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1 solution

Rocco Dalto
Feb 9, 2021

For the x x intercept of y 1 = 4 5 ( x 1 x 2 ) y_{1} = \dfrac{4}{5} (\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{1 - x^2}) we obtain:

x 2 + x 1 = 0 x = 1 ± 5 2 x^2 + x - 1 = 0 \implies x = \dfrac{-1 \pm \sqrt{5}}{2} , since x = 1 + 5 2 = ϕ x = -\dfrac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2} = -\phi results in a complex valued square root x = 5 1 2 \implies x = \dfrac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{2} is the x intercept of y 1 = 4 5 ( x 1 x 2 ) y_{1} = \dfrac{4}{5} (\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{1 - x^2}) .

The equation of the line passing thru A : ( 0 , 4 5 ) A: (0,\dfrac{4}{5}) and B : ( 5 1 2 , 0 ) B: (\dfrac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{2},0) is:

y = 4 5 ( 2 x 5 1 + 1 ) y = \dfrac{4}{5} (\dfrac{-2x}{\sqrt{5} - 1} + 1) \implies

A R 1 = 4 5 0 5 1 2 A_{R_{1}} = \dfrac{4}{5} \int_{0}^{\frac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{2}} ( 1 2 x 5 1 + 1 x 2 x ) d x (1 - \dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{5} - 1} + \sqrt{1 - x^2} - \sqrt{x}) dx

For 1 x 2 d x \int \sqrt{1 - x^2} dx

Let x = sin ( θ ) d x = cos ( θ ) 1 x 2 d x = cos 2 ( θ ) d θ = 1 2 ( θ + sin ( θ ) cos ( θ ) ) x = \sin(\theta) \implies dx = \cos(\theta) \implies \int \sqrt{1 - x^2} dx = \int \cos^2(\theta) d\theta = \dfrac{1}{2}(\theta + \sin(\theta)\cos(\theta)) .

Let β = 5 1 2 \beta = \dfrac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{2}

0 β 1 x 2 d x = 1 2 arcsin ( β ) + 1 2 β 3 2 \implies \int_{0}^{\beta} \sqrt{1 - x^2} dx = \dfrac{1}{2}\arcsin(\beta) + \dfrac{1}{2} \beta^{\frac{3}{2}} \implies A R 1 = 4 5 ( 1 2 arcsin ( β ) + 1 2 β 3 2 + ( 2 3 x 3 2 + x x 2 5 1 ) 0 β = A_{R_{1}} = \dfrac{4}{5} (\dfrac{1}{2}\arcsin(\beta) + \dfrac{1}{2} \beta^{\frac{3}{2}} + (-\dfrac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} + x - \dfrac{x^2}{\sqrt{5} - 1})|_{0}^{\beta} = 2 5 ( arcsin ( β ) 1 3 β 3 2 + β ) \dfrac{2}{5}(\arcsin(\beta) - \dfrac{1}{3}\beta^{\frac{3}{2}} + \beta)

β = 5 1 2 = 1 + 5 2 1 = ϕ 1 A R 1 = 2 5 ( arcsin ( ϕ 1 ) 1 3 ( ϕ 1 ) 3 2 + ϕ 1 ) \beta = \dfrac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{2} = \dfrac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2} - 1 = \phi - 1 \implies A_{R_{1}} = \dfrac{2}{5}(\arcsin(\phi - 1) - \dfrac{1}{3}(\phi - 1)^{\frac{3}{2}} + \phi - 1) \implies A R = 2 A R 1 = 4 5 ( arcsin ( ϕ 1 ) 1 3 ( ϕ 1 ) 3 / 2 + ϕ 1 ) = A_{R} = 2A_{R_{1}} = \dfrac{4}{5}(\arcsin(\phi - 1) - \dfrac{1}{3}(\phi - 1)^{3/2} + \phi - 1) = a 2 b ( arcsin ( ϕ 1 ) 1 c ( ϕ 1 ) c / a + ( ϕ 1 ) ) a + b + c = 10 . \dfrac{a^2}{b}(\arcsin(\phi - 1) - \dfrac{1}{c}(\phi - 1)^{c/a} + (\phi - 1)) \implies a + b + c = \boxed{10}.

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